재정분권과 경제사회의 공공서비스 성과: OECD 국가 간 실증분석
Fiscal Decentralization and Socio-Economic Public Service Performances: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries
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초록
본 연구는 32개 OECD 국가의 자료를 이용해 다양한 경제사회의 상대적인 공공서비스 상대적 성과를 검토하고, 재정분권이 이상의 공공서비스 성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석한다. 국가별 재정분권의 정도는 지출과 수입 측면에 기초한 재정분권(즉 “일반정부의 지출 대비 지방정부의 지출 비율”과 “일반정부의 수입 대비 지방정부의 수입 비율”)으로 나타낸다. 또한 국가별 경제사회의 공공서비스 성과는 교육부문, 보건부문, 소득재분배(불평등) 및 사회안정(범죄예방)을 반영하는 4가지 변수의 0∼10 사이의 지표로 나타낸 상대적 성과를 사용한다. 실증분석 결과, 재정분권은 대체로 교육부문과 소득재분배 부문의 상대적 성과를 개선시키는 것으로 관측된다. 그러나 재정분권이 보건부문의 성과나 사회안정의 성과에 미치는 양의 영향의 통계적 유의하지 않았다. 그러므로 재정분권은 지방정부의 책무성이 강하게 요구되거나 지방정부 간의 경쟁이 강화되는 부문에 대한 공공서비스의 성과를 개선하는 데에 유용할 수 있다.
Abstract
This paper examines the relative performances of socio-economic public services using data on 32 OECD countries and empirically analyzes the impacts of fiscal decentralization on public service performances. The degree of fiscal decentralization in each country is represented by the decentralization in terms of expenditure and income (i.e., “the ratio of sub-national government expenditures to general (total) government expenditures” and “the ratio of sub-national government revenues to general (total) government revenues”). In addition, the performances of public services in each country are measured in the relative performances of the four variables on a scale of 1–10, reflecting the education sector, health sector, income redistribution (inequality) and social stability (crime prevention). Empirical results suggest that fiscal decentralization generally improves the relative performances of education sector and income redistribution. However, the positive impacts of fiscal decentralization on the performances of health sector and social stability are not statistically significant at the conventional significance level. Therefore, fiscal decentralization may be useful in improving the performances of public services only in sectors where the accountability of local governments is strongly required or where competition among local governments is intensified.
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