중국의 해외개발투자모델 특징 분석: 일대일로 사례를 중심으로
Analysis of China’s Overseas Investment Model: Centered on Cases of One Belt One Road
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초록
중국이 일대일로 프로젝트를 본격적으로 추진한 지 약 6년이 경과하고 있다. 일대일로 전략은 유라시아 대륙의 교통통신 연결성을 강화함으로써 경제발전의 새로운 동력을 제공해 줄 것으로 기대되었다. 하지만 중국이 일대일로 프로젝트를 추진해온 결과, 긍정적 측면보다는 부정적 평가와 비판이 제기되고 있다. 본고는 중국이 일대일로 전략을 추진하면서 표방한 목적과 사업 추진 결과 나타난 비판 사이의 현격한 간극에 주목한다. 그리고 명목상의 목적과 실제 사업 추진 결과 사이에 발생한 현격한 차이의 원인을 이른바 ‘중국특색사회주의’의 특징인 당･국가 주도의 경제운영과 개발투자 방식에서 찾는다. 당･국가 중심의 국가주의적 개발투자 방식을 답습하고 있는 중국의 일대일로 추진방식이 파행적 결과의 원인이라는 가정 하에, 본고는 일대일로의 실행 사례에 대한 분석을 시도한다. 또한, 2014년 이후 중국이 지금까지 추진해온 일대일로 사례를 비교분석해 봄으로써 중국의 해외개발투자 진출방식의 특징을 살펴본다. 끝으로 일대일로의 부정적 평가의 원인을 바탕으로 중국적 방식의 특징과 문제점, 그리고 정책적 시사점을 제시한다.
Abstract
It has been about six years since China set out to ‘Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).’ China's Belt and Road Initiative was expected to strengthen the Eurasian economic connectivity and thereby to prompt a new economic momentum not only for Chinese economy but also for the Eurasian economic revitalization. However, it is also true that there are many of criticisms about the features and results of the BRI. The paper pays attention to the huge gap between the initial expectations and mounting criticisms of BRI. It looks into causes of the gap between the ostensible purposes and actual results, focusing on the state-centric approach of BRI. Based on an assumption that the state-centric model of BRI is the main cause of negative outcomes of BRI projects, the paper is to examine the BRI project cases in Asia-Africa region. With the case analysis, it elaborates the features and problems of Chinese oversea investment model.
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