유럽연합(EU)과 국제스포츠기구와의 협력과 갈등: ‘굿 거버넌스’를 중심으로
Cooperation and conflict between the European Union and International sports organizations: focusing on 'good governance’
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최근 스포츠 분야에서는 ‘굿 거버넌스’의 원칙과 역할이 강조되고 있다. 스포츠 거버넌스 기능을 수행하는 스포츠 조직들의 부정부패, 비리 문제가 불거진 이유가 크다. 굿 거버넌스가 발전한 유럽을 중심으로 국제스포츠기구의 배드 거버넌스를 통제하려는 움직임이 증가하고 있다. 이에 대해 스포츠 조직의 ‘자율성(autonomy)’을 침해하는 것이 아니냐는 문제 제기가 있다. 스포츠 거버넌스의 핵심은 조직의 자율적 운영이다. 본 논문은 유럽연합(EU)이 국제스포츠기구들을 통제할 수 있는 주체가 될 수 있는가라는 의문에서 출발해, EU와 국제스포츠기구 간의 협력과 갈등을 굿 거버넌스(Good Governance) 원칙을 중심으로 분석한다. 먼저, 스포츠 거버넌스의 개념과 필요성을 고찰하며, EU의 스포츠 정책과 국제스포츠기구의 역할을 탐구한다. 특히, EU와 국제올림픽위원회(IOC), 국제축구연맹(FIFA) 등 주요 스포츠기구 간의 협력과 갈등 사례를 통해 굿 거버넌스 원칙이 어떻게 적용되고 있는지를 검토한다. 분석 결과, EU는 법률과 정책을 통해 국제스포츠기구에 대한 간접적인 규제를 강화하고 있으며, 이러한 규제는 스포츠 조직의 ‘투명성’, ‘책임성’, ‘공정성’을 증진시키는 데 기여하고 있다. 그러나 EU의 개입이 스포츠기구의 자율성을 저해할 수 있다는 일부 우려가 여전히 제기된다. 이에 본 연구는 EU와 국제스포츠기구간의 상호작용이 굿 거버넌스 실현에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
In recent years, the principles and roles of 'Good Governance' have been emphasized in the sports sector, largely due to issues of corruption and malpractice within sports organizations responsible for governance functions. There is a growing movement, particularly in Europe where Good Governance is well-developed, to control the bad governance of international sports organizations. However, there are concerns that this may infringe on the 'autonomy' of sports organizations. The core of sports governance lies in the autonomous operation of organizations. This paper starts with the question of whether the European Union (EU) can become an entity that controls international sports organizations, and it analyzes the cooperation and conflicts between the EU and international sports organizations with a focus on the principles of Good Governance. First, the concept and necessity of sports governance are examined, and the sports policies of the EU and the roles of international sports organizations are explored. In particular, the study reviews how the principles of Good Governance are being applied through cases of cooperation and conflict between the EU and major sports organizations such as the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA). The analysis shows that the EU is strengthening indirect regulation of international sports organizations through laws and policies, and such regulation contributes to enhancing the 'transparency', 'accountability', and 'fairness' of sports organizations. However, there are still concerns that the EU's intervention may undermine the autonomy of sports organizations. Therefore, this study analyzes the impact of interactions between the EU and international sports organizations on the realization of Good Governance and provides policy implications.
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