네덜란드 커피숍모델의 대마시장 규제
Exploring Cannabis Market Regulation: The Dutch Coffee Shop Model
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초록
네덜란드의 대마정책은 소위 커피숍을 통한 대마시장 규제를 특징으로 한다. 본 연구는 대마시장 규제라는 관점을 바탕으로 커피숍모델이 어떻게 대마시장을 규제하는지 분석하고, 그의 특징과 시사점을 검토함으로써 우리나라 대마정책의 방향 설정에 기여할 목적으로 수행되었다. 먼저, 대마시장규제의 개념과 필요성이 검토되었다. 둘째, 커피숍모델에서 대마시장 규제가 어떻게 이루어지는지를 시장규제의 영역을 중심으로 분석하였다. 마지막으로, 커피숍모델의 특징과 시사점이 논의되었다. 커피숍모델은 기소편의주의 원칙과 국가 커피숍 허용기준(AHOJ-GI 기준)을 기반으로 대마시장을 규제하였다. 커피숍모델은 전체 대마시장이 아니라 대마의 판매와 사용 영역만을 규제하는 한계를 가지고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 커피숍모델은 네덜란드 대마정책이 목표로 한 약물시장 분리, 공중보건 및 폐해최소화에 기여한 것으로 판단된다. 국제적 대마정책의 변화 흐름에 직면하여 우리나라는 대마정책의 개혁에 대한 실용주의적 논의가 필요하다.
Abstract
The Dutch cannabis policy is characterized by its regulation of the cannabis market through the so-called ‘coffee shop’ model. This study analyzes the regulatory mechanisms of the coffee shop model and examines its features and implications to guide the direction of cannabis policy in Korea. First, the concept and necessity of cannabis market regulation were reviewed. Second, the study focused on the implementation of cannabis market regulation within the coffee shop model, specifically exploring the aspects of market regulation. Lastly, the characteristics and implications of the coffee shop model were discussed. The coffee shop model is based on the expediency principle and the national criteria governing coffee shops (AHOJ-GI criteria), which regulate only the cannabis sale and use aspects of the cannabis market. Despite its limitations in not regulating the entire cannabis market, the coffee shop model contributes to the Dutch policy goals of a separation of the cannabis retail market from the hard drug retail market, promotion of public health, and harm reduction. In light of the global trend towards changing cannabis policies, a pragmatic discussion on cannabis policy reform is required in Korea.
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