한-아이슬란드 친환경 전기 소형 어선 협력 가능성과 문제점

Abstract

The prolonged Russia-Ukraine war since 2022, the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the US-China trade dispute, and the Israel-Palestine conflict, has exacerbated concerns about supply chain instability. As a result, the importance of utilizing the Northern Sea Route has become increasingly prominent as one of the diversification strategies for mitigating supply chain disruptions. Specifically, in 2023, the cargo carriage volume transported through the Northern Sea Route reached approximately 36 million tons, an increase of around 2 million tons compared to the 34 million tons achieved in the previous year.The Russian government has been particularly active in promoting the development and utilization of the Northern Sea Route, projecting year-round navigation through the route by 2024. At the same time, other Arctic countries, except Russia, are also preparing for the possibility of using the Northern Sea Route via the Arctic High Sea, excluding the Northeast passage where Russian risk exists. If conditions allow for the melting of ice in the Arctic High Sea, enabling ships to navigate freely, it could lead to the utilization of the Northern Sea Route without the need for Russian government’s approval. In response to this situation, Arctic countries are strengthening their eco-friendly policy stance as well as developing eco-friendly shipbuilding technologies that can operate in the Arctic Ocean. Among the eight Arctic countries, Iceland has developed green fuel-based pure electric fishing vessels targeting small coastal fishing vessels, aligning with the International Maritime Organization(IMO)’s emphasis for the need on the development of zero-emission fuels to converge Greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions to zero by 2023 and beyond. This trend is also impacting non-Arctic countries, including Republic of Korea, and with the likelihood of more stringent environmental regulations regarding ships through bodies like the IMO, the issue of vessel obsolescence is increasingly being raised. It is seen as imperative to transition domestic fishing vessels in Korea into new forms of ships in response to these international trend. This paper aims to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the status of development of eco-friendly electric fishing vessel technologies in Korea and in Iceland, where fishing vessel and fisheries are in high demand, with more than 8% of GDP being fishing. And the finally suggest an ideal cooperation model by analyzing the possibilities and factors that must be considered in cooperation between the two countries.