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코로나 대유행 시기 한국인의 외로움: 생물심리사회모델에 기반한 잠재계층분석

Korean's Loneliness during Coronavirus Pandemic: A Latent Profile Analysis based on the Biopsychosocial Model

이동훈|김예진|남슬기|정다송
한국사회및성격심리학회|2022.05|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제36권 제2호|pp. 87-112|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2022.36.2.001

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PTSD자살사고잠재프로파일분석외로움Suicidal ideationLonelinessLPA코로나 대유행생물심리사회모델COVID PandemicBiopsychosocial Model
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 코로나 대유행 이후 한국인이 경험하는 외로움의 유형을 확인하기 위해 잠재계층(Latent class)을 도출하고, 잠재계층 구분에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 생물학적 요인(성별, 연령, 감염 취약성), 심리적 요인(우울, 불안, 무망감), 사회적 요인(사회적지지, 개인 및 공적일정 차질, 경제수준, 가구형태)을 살펴보고, 이러한 잠재계층에 따른 PTSD와 자살사고의 차이를 확인하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 세계보건기구(WHO)가 코로나 대유행을 선언한지 1년이 지난 2021년 2월~3월까지 성인 1,434명을 대상으로 잠재프로파일분석(LPA)을 실시하였다. 외로움 수준에 따른 잠재계층 분석을 통해 집단 모형 적합도를 확인한 결과, 5계층(낮은 고립감/중간 유대감(집단1), 중간 고립감/중간 유대감(집단2), 높은 고립감/높은 유대감(집단3), 높은 유대감/ 낮은 고립감(집단4), 낮은 유대감/ 높은 고립감(집단5))이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 외로움 잠재계층 구분에 영향을 미치는 생물, 심리, 사회적 요인을 살펴본 결과, ‘성별, 우울, 불안, 무망감, 사회적지지, 개인 및 공적일정 차질, 가구형태’가 집단 간 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 외로움 잠재집단에 따른 PTSD와 자살사고의 차이를 확인한 결과, 가장 높은 수준의 PTSD를 보인 집단은 집단3으로 나타났으며 집단5, 집단2, 집단1, 집단4의 순서로 높게 나타났다. 자살사고의 경우에도, 집단3, 집단5, 집단2, 집단1, 집단4의 순서로 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 논의와 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study examined the Type of loneliness among Koreans Since the Onset of COVID-19, the influence of biological(gender, age, chronic disease), psychological(depression, anxiety, hopelessness), social(social support, constraint,s of routine, economic level, household type) factors on the classification of potential classes, and the difference in PTSD and suicidal ideation among the classes. To this end, the online survery was conducted among Korean(n= 1,434) between Feb 19, 2021 and Mar 3, when it’s been one year since WHO had declared the pandemic. Latent profile analysis(LPA) was used to identified subclasses and suggested that the 5-class(low-isolated/medium-connectedness(group1), medium-isolated/medium-connectedness(group2), high-isolated/ high-connectedness(group3), high-connectedness/low-isolated(group4), low-connectedness/high-isolated(group5)) model fit the best. Class mempership was predicted by ‘gender, depression, anxiety, ignorance, social support, constraint,s of routine, household type’. Classes also differed with respect to PTSD and suicidal ideation. The highest level of PTSD was group3, followed by group5, group2, group1, and group4. In the case of suicidal ideation, it was also high in the order of group3, group5, group2, group1, and group4.

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