코로나 팬데믹 초기 한국인의 스트레스 대처 양상에 따른 잠재계층 분류와 영향요인 검증
A Latent Profile Analysis of Stress Coping Strategies among Korean Adults at the Early Stage of the Coronavirus Pandemic(COVID-19) and Verification of Influencing Factors
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본 연구는 잠재프로파일분석을 통해 코로나 대유행 시기 한국인의 스트레스-대처 양상을 확인하고, 잠재계층구분에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 인구사회학적 정보(성별, 연령, 가구형태, 경제수준), 코로나로 인한 비일상성(코로나로 인한 두려움, 코로나로 인한 스트레스, 외출 및 일정제약, 코로나로 인한 수입감소)를 살펴보고, 잠재계층에 따른 심리적 안녕감(삶의 만족감, 우울, 불안)의 차이를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 세계보건기구(WHO)가 코로나 팬데믹을 선언하고, 국내에서 대구·경북지역이 특별재난지역으로 선정된 시기인 2020년 4월 13일 부터~21일까지 성인 600명을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시했다. 대처 양상에 따라 모형을 분류한 결과, 4계층(‘낮은 대처관여 집단 1’, ‘보통 수준의 적응적 대처집단 2’, ‘높은 수준의 적응적 대처집단 3’, ‘적응-부적응 대처 관여집단 4’)의 모형적합도가 가장 양호하였다. 또한 인구사회학적 정보에서는 성별, 연령, 경제수준이 잠재계층을 유의하게 구분하였으며, 코로나로 인한 비일상성에서는 두려움, 스트레스, 외출 및 일정제약과 수입감소가 잠재계층을 유의하게 구분하였다. 또한 잠재계층 간 심리적 안녕감 차이를 확인한 결과, ‘높은 수준의 적응적 대처집단 3’이 가장 높은 삶의 만족감을 경험하는 것으로 나타났으며, ‘적응-부적응 대처 관여집단 4’이 가장 높은 우울, 불안을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 논의 및 시사점이 제시되었다.
Abstract
This study examined the patterns of coping strategies among Koreans during COVID-19 pandemic, the influence of demographic informations(gender, age, economic level, household type), unusual experience(fear, stress of COVID, constraints of routine, income risk) on the classification of subclasses, and also analysed the differences in psychological wellbeing(life satisfaction, depression, anxiety) among the subclasses. To this end, the online survey was conducted among Korean(n=600) between April 13, 2020 and 21, when WHO had declared the pandemic. First, Latent Profile Analysis(LPA) was used to identify subclasses and suggested that the 4-class model fit the best. Second, Class memberships were predicted by gender, age, economic level, fear, stress, constraints of routine, income risk. Finally, there are differences between the Classes depending on psychological wellbeing. 'High adaptive coping group' showed the highest level of satisfaction, and 'all engagement coping group' showed the highest level of depression, anxiety. Implications and suggestions are discussed.
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