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집단 구성원의 피부색이 집단 실체성 지각에 미치는 영향: 지각된 사회경제적 지위와 집단주의-개인주의 성향의 이중매개 효과

The effect of group members’ skin tone on the perception of entitativity: The serial mediation of perceived socioeconomic status and collectivism/individualism

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초록

본 연구에서는 한국인 집단의 구성원들이 어두운 피부색을 가진 경우에 밝은 피부색을 가진 경우보다 그 집단의 실체성을 높게 지각할 것이며, 집단 구성원의 피부색과 집단 실체성 사이의 관계는 집단 구성원의 지각된 사회경제적 지위와 집단주의-개인주의 성향에 의해 순차적으로 매개될 것이라는 가설을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 가설, 절차, 측정 도구, 분석 방법 등은 사전 등록을 하였다. 또한 표본 크기, 데이터 분석 제외 기준, 모든 조작 및 측정을 어떻게 정하였는지 보고하였다. 참가자들은 어두운 또는 밝은 피부색 조건 중 한 조건에 할당되어 대상들(한 집단의 구성원)의 사진을 제시받고 그들의 사회경제적 지위와 집단주의 성향을 평가하였다. 다음으로, 참가자들은 처음 평가하였던 대상들이 하나의 집단을 이루고 있는 사진과 그 집단에 대한 설명을 읽고 집단 실체성에 대한 질문들에 답하였다. 연구 결과, 피부색 조건과 집단 실체성 간의 지각된 사회경제적 지위와 집단주의-개인주의 성향의 순차적 매개 효과는 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 순차적 매개 효과는 집단 실체성을 구성하는 다섯 가지 하위 요인(공통 운명, 공동의 목표, 친밀성, 비침습성, 집단성)들에서도 모두 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 탐색적으로 살펴본 참가자 개인의 수준에서 지각된 피부색 밝기와 집단 실체성의 하위 요인들 간의 관계에 대한 순차적 매개효과 분석에서는 예상과는 다른 방향으로 유의한 간접효과가 나타났다. 즉, 참가자들이 대상들의 피부색을 하얗게 생각할수록 그들의 사회경제적 지위를 높게 지각하고 그들의 집단주의 성향을 높게 지각하며, 높게 지각된 집단주의 성향은 최종적으로 그들이 속한 집단에 대해 공동의 목표, 친밀성 그리고 집단성을 높게 지각하도록 이끄는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

This study tested whether a Korean group of darker-skinned members would be perceived as higher in entitativity than a group of lighter-skinned members, and whether relationship between members’ skin tone and entitativity would be serially mediated by perceived socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived collectivism/individualism. We pre-registered the hypotheses, procedures, and measurement and analysis methods of this study. We also report how we determined our sample size, all data exclusions (if any), all manipulations, and all measures in the study. Participants were assigned to either the darker-skinned or the lighter-skinned condition, and rated perceived SES and collectivism/individualism of three targets. Next, participants were presented with the group image consisting of the three targets and read the description of the group, and answered to questions on perceived entitativity of the group. The results showed that no significant serial mediation effect of the perceived SES and collectivism/individualism tendency on the relationship between skin tone and entitativity, nor significant effects on any of the five factors of entitativity (common fate, common goals, closeness, impermeability, groupness). In an exploratory analysis, there were significant serial mediation effects on the relationship between participants’ perceiving skin tone lightness of the targets and the five factors of entitativity, in the opposite direction to our expectations: The lighter participants perceived the targets’ skin tone, the higher was targets’ SES and collectivism, and finally, higher collectivism led to higher perceptions of common goals, closeness, and groupness of the group.

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