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집단 실체성의 구성요인 탐색 및 척도 개발

Factor Structure Exploration and Scale Development of Group Entitativity

이향수|박상희
한국사회및성격심리학회|2017.05|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제31권 제2호|pp. 101-126|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2017.31.2.006

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키워드

탐색적 요인분석exploratory factor analysis측정measurement집단 실체성다중집단 확인적 요인분석group entitativitymultiple group confirmatory factor analysis
주제분류심리과학

초록

집단 실체성이란 집단이 단순한 개개인의 모임이 아닌 한 덩어리의 개체처럼 지각되는 특성이다. 본 연구에서는 이전의 집단 실체성 연구들에서 사용한 실체성의 측정 문항들을 바탕으로 집단 실체성 척도를 만들고 그 하위 요인을 확인하였다. 이를 위해 참가자들은 다양한 범주의 집단(친밀한 집단, 업무 집단, 사회적 범주, 느슨한 관계)에 대하여 지각되는 특성들을 예비 척도에 답하였다. 분석 결과, 집단 실체성은 ‘주체성’과 ‘본질성’으로 구성되고 주체성은 다시 ‘공동의 목표’와 ‘공통 운명’, 본질성은 ‘친밀성’과 ‘비침습성’, ‘집단성’의 하위 요인을 갖는 두 수준 모형이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 집단 간에 실체성의 두 상위 요인 점수를 비교한 결과 친밀한 집단과 업무 집단은 주체성, 본질성 점수가 다른 집단들의 점수에 비해 높았다. 업무 집단은 사회적 범주에 비해 주체성 점수는 높았지만 본질성 점수에서는 두 집단이 다르지 않았다. 느슨한 관계는 주체성, 본질성 점수 모두에서 다른 집단들에 비해 낮았다. 본 연구는 집단 실체성의 요인 구조를 밝힘으로써 집단 실체성의 이론적인 개념을 구체화하고 측정할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다.

Abstract

Group entitativity is a group trait to be perceived as a whole, singular entity, and not as a crowd of individuals. In this study, a Group Entitativity Scale was developed based on items from previous studies and its subfactors were examined. Participants reported perceived characteristics of four different group types (an intimacy group, a task group, a social category, a loose association) on a preliminary Group Entitativity Scale. The results show that a two-level model of group entitativity has a good fit. In the model, group entitativity consists of two distinct factors: Agency and Essence. Agency factor comprises common goal and common fate; Essence factor is composed of closeness, impermeability, and groupness. Meanwhile, when the four types of groups were compared on the two factors, Agency and Essence factor scores of the intimacy group and the task group were higher than the scores of the other two groups. Agency score of the task group was higher than that of the social category; however, the difference between the two groups in Essence was not statistically significant. Both Agency and Essence scores of the loose association were lower than those of the other groups. This study reveals the factor structure of group entitativity, and thereby further reifies the concept and provides a method to measure it.

참고문헌 (40)

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