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피해자다움 평가를 위한 심리적 차원의 탐색: 개인차척도법과 다차원 펴기의 적용

An exploration of the psychological dimension for the evaluation of victim-likeness: Application of INDSCAL and multi-dimensional unfolding

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초록

성폭력 피해자의 피해자다움은 성폭력 사건과 피해자에 대한 사람들의 태도 및 판단에 영향을 줄 수 있음에도 불구하고 현재까지 국내에서 체계적인 연구가 수행되지 않았다. 본 연구는 대학생 175명으로부터 수집된 자료에 다차원척도법 모형 중 개인차척도법과 다차원 펴기를 적용하여 사람들이 피해자다움 평가에 중요하게 고려하는 요인을 파악하였다. 구체적으로 선행연구들을 통하여 도출된 피해자다움 지각과 관련된 요인들(‘피해호소의 적극성’, ‘피해자 고통의 가시성’, ‘옷차림의 단정함’, ‘피해추정 시간’)을 조작하여 제작한 그림 자극을 사용하여 참가자들에게 피해자다움 차원에서의 유사성을 평정하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 참가자들은 ‘피해자 고통의 가시성’을 피해자다움 평가에 중요하게 고려한다고 할 수 있었다. 2차원 공간에 군집화된 그림 자극에 대한 참가자들의 지각을 비교한 결과, 참가자들은 이 군집들이 ‘거짓말하는’ 정도와 ‘차분한’ 정도에서 다르다고 지각하였다. ‘피해자 고통의 가시성’을 반영하는 차원의 중요도는 성별과 성폭력 통념 수준에 따라 다르지 않았다. 피해자다움 평가에 고려되는 네 요인의 중요성 서열을 평정한 자료를 이용한 다차원 펴기 분석에서도 성별에 따른 중요성 차이는 발견하지 못하였으며, 성폭력 통념 수용도가 높은 사람들이 피해자의 옷차림과 밤늦은 외출을 상대적으로 중요하게 고려하는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구는 피해자다움의 평가가 성별과 성폭력 통념 수준에 상관없이 ‘피해자 고통의 가시성’을 고려하여 이루어지며, 이 차원이 피해자의 진실성 의심과 관련되어 있다는 것을 경험적으로 확인한 것에 그 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Although the perceived victim-likeness of sexual violence victims can affect people’s attitudes and judgments toward sexual assault cases and the victims, little systematic research has been conducted in Korea. This study applied the individual difference scaling (INDSCAL) and multi-dimensional unfolding, types of the multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) models, to data collected from 175 college students to find out factors that people consider significantly in evaluating victim-likeness. Specifically, the authors derived the four factors related to the victim-likeness perception from previous studies (‘whether or not the victim appeal to the violence actively,’ ‘whether or not the victim’s suffering is visible,’ ‘whether or not the victim’s clothing is tidy,’ and ‘estimated time of the violence’) and produced pictures describing the victims by manipulated those factors. The participants rated the similarity of victims in terms of victim-likeness by comparing the two pictures presented in a pair. The result finds that the participants considered whether or not the victim’s suffering is visible to evaluate the victim-likeness. As a result of comparing the perceptions of victims being clustered pictures in the two-dimensional space, the differences were found only in depicting the victim as ‘lying’ and ‘calm.’ Individuals’ weights for the dimension of the visibility of the victim’s suffering did not differ in both gender and the acceptance level of sexual violence myth. The multi-dimensional unfolding analysis using ranking data of the four factors’ importance showed no gender difference. On the other hand, the participants with a higher acceptance of the sexual violence myth showed to consider the clothing and late outing of the victim more significantly. It is meaningful that this study found that, regardless of gender and the level of sexual violence myth, whether or not the victim’s suffering was visible contributed to the evaluation of victim-likeness, and the factor was related to assessing the victims’ credibility.

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