한국판 겸손 반응 척도(K-MRS) 타당화 연구
Validation of the Korean Version of the Modest Responding Scale
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초록
겸손(modesty)과 겸허(humility)는 대인관계적, 개인내적으로 구분되는 개념임에도 많은 연구에서 혼용되어 사용되고 있으며, 겸손을 측정하는 척도 역시 두 개념을 제대로 구분하지 않은 채 개발되었다. 본 연구는 겸손과 겸허의 개념을 명확히 구분하여 측정하려는 목적으로 Whetstone, Okun과 Cialdini(1992)가 개발한 겸손 반응 척도(Modest Responding Scale, MRS)를 한국판으로 타당화하였다. 전체 661명의 참가자를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였으며, 수집된 320명의 데이터를 분석에 사용하였다. 교차 타당도 검증을 위해 무작위 추출된 자료의 절반은 탐색적 요인분석, 나머지 절반은 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 한 문항을 제외한 총 19문항이 3요인 구조(대인관계적 겸손성향, 사회적 바람직성, 겸허한 태도)를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 3요인 구조가 양호한 적합도와 신뢰도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 최종 한국판 MRS에 대한 인구통계학적 분석을 실시한 결과, 대인관계적 겸손성향과 사회적 바람직성 요인에서 성별 및 연령에 따른 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 수렴 및 변별 타당도 분석 결과, 한국판 MRS는 HEXACO 겸손성 소척도와 작은 크기의 정적 상관을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, HEXACO 정직성 점수와는 유의한 상관이 나타나지 않았다. 한국판 MRS는 긍정적 평가에 대한 두려움 척도와 큰 크기의 상관을 보여 준거 타당도가 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 겸손과 겸허를 구분하여 측정할 수 있는 한국판 MRS를 타당화하였으며, 겸손과 겸허의 관계 및 개념 차이점을 명확히 하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The concepts of modesty and humility have been confusing in many studies. Measures developed to assess modesty have not distinguished between the two concepts. This study aimed to validate the Korean version of the Modest Response Scale (MRS) developed by Whetstone, Okun, and Cialdini(1992). A total of 661 participants conducted the survey, and the data of 320 participants were used for analysis. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis on half of the randomly selected data and confirmatory factor analysis with the remaining half for cross-validation verification. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, K-MRS had a 19-item three-factor structure (inclination toward interpersonal modesty, social desirability, and attitude of humility), excluding one item that did not attain the set factor load. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results, the three-factor model showed good model fit and had suitable reliability. The convergent, discriminant and criterion validity of K-MRS was confirmed by correlation analysis with the HEXACO honesty/humility scale, the fear of positive evaluation scale. The K-MRS showed a significant positive correlation with HEXACO Humility Scale, but no significant correlation was found with HEXACO Honesty score. It also showed a significant positive correlation with the fear of positive evaluation scale. Our findings suggest that the concepts of modesty and humility have different meanings.
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