한국판 모멸감 척도(K-HI)의 타당화 연구
Validation of the Korean Version of the Humiliation Inventory
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초록
본 연구에서는 개인의 내적 모멸감 경험을 연구하기 위해 Hartling과 Luchetta(1999)가 개발하고 타당화한 모멸감 척도(the Humiliation Inventory)를 번안하여 한국판 척도(K-HI)의 신뢰도 및 타당도를 조사하였다. 요인타당도를 확인하기 위해 252명의 일반 성인 자료에 대해탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 두 요인에 교차 부하된 10개의 문항을 제거하여 3요인 22문항이 K-HI의 요인구조로 확인되었다. 새로운253명의 자료를 사용해 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 도출된 요인구조의 안정성과 일반화 가능성을 확인하였다. 원척도는 “모멸감에 대한 두려움(F1)”, “모멸감 경험(F2)”이라는 2개의 하위 요인 구조를 가졌으나 K-HI에는 “무능력에 대한 모멸감(F3)” 이라는 요인이 추가될 경우 2요인 모형보다 모형 적합도가 더 양호하였다(TLI=.90, CFI=.91, RMSEA=.09). 이는 매우 경쟁적이고, 자신의 가치와 수행 능력을 동일하게 여기는 한국 사회의 문화적 특수성이 반영된 것일 수 있다. 한편, K-HI의 공존타당도를 확인하고자 타 척도와의 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 내면화된 수치심과는 유의한 정적 상관을, 역상관이 예측된 자존감과는 유의한 부적 상관을 보였다. 아울러 모멸감이 분노 및 공격성이라는 병리적 행동과 관련 있을 것이라는 전제하에, 상태분노 및 특성 분노와의 상관분석을 실시해 유의미한 정적 상관을 확인함으로써 임상적 유용성도 검증되었다. 또한 요인별 신뢰도 분석 결과, 세 요인 모두 내적합치도가 높아(F1's α=.96, F2's α=.94, F3's α=.81) 각 요인에 포함된 문항들이 동일한 개념을 측정하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서 타당화한 한국판 모멸감 척도는 추후 분노, 공격성, 우울, 자살 등 다양한 정신병리 기제 및 심리치료 연구에 활용될 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
The Humiliation Inventory (HI) was developed by Hartling and Luchetta(1999) to assess the internal experience of humiliation. The aim of this study is to validate the Korean version of HI (K-HI). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the data of 252 adults (Mean age=34.83, SD=7.6) to check factorial validation. After 10 items that cross-loaded onto two factors were removed, three factors of 22 items were confirmed. Based on the EFA, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the data of 253 adults (Mean age=34.12, SD=8.5) to test the stability and generalization of the factor structure. The original Inventory had two subscales: “fear of humiliation” (F1), and “cumulative humiliation” (F2). When a third factor, “humiliation of incompetence” (F3), was added to K-HI, the model fit (TLI=.90, CFI=.91, RMSEA=.09) was better than that of the two-factor model. This result may reflect cultural distinctiveness. Korea is a highly competitive society,-; therefore, “fear of humiliation” and “humiliation of incompetence” may have different meanings among the Korean people. Also, K-HI exhibited appropriate concurrent validity. It correlated with Internalized Shame positively and with Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem negatively. Assuming that humiliation correlates with anger and aggression, correlation analyses were carried out with the State-Trait Anger Expression. They showed significantly positive correlations and demonstrated the clinical utility of K-HI. Cronbach’s αs of the three factors were good (F1=.96, F2=.94, F3=.81). K-HI is expected to be used in the studies of other themes, such as anger, aggression, depression, suicide, and psychotherapy.”
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