재난경험자들의 재난 후 정서․행동․신체․인지적 어려움에 영향을 미치는 위험요인: 재난유형별 비교
Risk factors affecting post-disaster emotional, behavioral, physical, and cognitive difficulties among survivors: a comparison by disaster type
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본 연구는 재난경험자들의 정서, 행동, 신체, 인지적 어려움의 위험요인과 그 효과크기를 비교하고 재난유형별 위험요인에 차이가 있는지 탐색적으로 검토하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 재난경험자 2000명 데이터를 활용하여 다변량 분산분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 재난 후 정서, 행동, 신체, 인지적 어려움에 공통적인 위험요인 중 중간 효과크기 이상의 영향력을 가진 요인은 ‘재난을 인생 전반에 영향을 미친 사건으로 인식하는지 여부’, ‘경제적 및 신체적 피해 정도’였다. 이들 요인의 효과크기를 상대적으로 비교해 보면, ‘재난을 인생 전반에 영향을 미친 사건으로 인식하는지 여부’와 ‘경제적 피해 정도’는 재난 후 정서적 어려움에 미치는 영향력이 가장 컸고, ‘신체적 피해 정도’는 재난 후 신체적 어려움에 미치는 영향력이 가장 컸다. 재난 유형별로 차이를 보였던 위험요인들을 살펴보면, 자연재해 경험자의 경우에는 연령에 따라 행동적 어려움과 신체적 어려움에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 사회재난 경험자의 경우에는 연령 차이보다는 성별에 따라 신체적 어려움에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 재난 지속 기간이 길어질수록 자연재해 경험자들의 신체적 어려움이, 사회재난 경험자들은 정서적 어려움이 증가하고 있었으며, 법적 소송 여부는 사회재난 경험자의 인지적 어려움에만 유의한 차이를 가져왔다. 본 연구 결과는 재난 후 심리지원을 위한 선별평가를 위한 위험 기준을 마련하고 개입 전략의 다각화를 위한 기초 정보를 획득하는데 유용한 정보를 제공했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to compare the risk factors and effect sizes of emotional, behavioral, physical, and cognitive difficulties among disaster survivors and exploratively examine whether there are differences in risk factors by type of disaster. To this end, a multivariate analysis of variance was conducted using data from 2000 disaster survivors. The results showed that among the risk factors common to emotional, behavioral, physical, and cognitive difficulties after a disaster, the most influential factors with a medium effect size or higher were “perceiving the disaster as a life-changing event” and “the extent of economic and physical damage”. Comparing the relative effect sizes of these factors, “perceiving the disaster as a life-altering event” and “level of economic damage” had the largest effect on emotional distress after the disaster, and “level of physical damage” had the largest effect on physical distress after the disaster. In terms of risk factors that differed by disaster type, there were significant differences in behavioral and physical difficulties based on age for those who experienced natural disasters, and significant differences in physical difficulties based on gender rather than age for those who experienced social disasters. As the duration of the disaster increased, physical difficulties increased among natural disaster survivors and emotional difficulties increased among social disaster survivors, while the presence of legal proceedings made a significant difference only for cognitive difficulties among social disaster survivors. The findings of this study are significant in that they provide useful information for establishing risk criteria for screening assessments for post-disaster psychological support and providing a basis for diversifying intervention strategies.
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