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경북지역 지진 생존자들의 외상후 스트레스 및 우울 증상에 대한 심리적 예측 요인

Psychological Factors as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Survivors of the Gyeongbuk Area Earthquake

박수현|권하린
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2019.05|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제38권 제2호|pp. 127-144

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참고문헌

키워드

우울자연재난depressive symptoms지진외상후 스트레스예측 요인earthquakesnatural disastersposttraumatic stress symptomspredictors
주제분류심리과학

초록

재난을 경험한 많은 생존자들은 시간의 경과에 따라 원래의 기능을 회복하지만, 어떤 생존자들은 보다 장기적인 심리적 문제들을 발생시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 선행연구 결과에 입각하여, 경북지역 지진 생존자들의 장기적인 심리적 문제와 그에 대한 예측 요인을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 지진을 경험한 경주 및 포항 지역 거주민 195명을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문 도구를 이용하여 재난 발생 1년10개월, 7개월 후의 외상후 스트레스 및 우울 증상을 측정하고, 인구통계학적 변인과 재난 관련 변인, 개인의 심리적 특성 변인에 관한 자료를 수집하였다. 먼저, 외상후 스트레스 및 우울 증상 고위험군의 비율은 각각 13.85%, 25.64%로 나타났다. 다음으로 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 외상후 스트레스 증상에 대한 유의미한 예측 요인으로 재난 당시 자신의 신체적 상해 및 생명의 위협 여부와 파국화가 나타났으며, 우울 증상에 대한 유의미한 예측 요인으로 직업 유무, 재난 이전의 심리적 문제, 지각된 사회적 지지 정도, 부정적 정서성, 타인비난, 파국화가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 지진과 같은 자연재난 생존자들의 장기적인 심리적 문제를 예측하는 데에 있어 개인의 심리적 특성변인이 핵심적인 역할을 담당할 수 있음을 시사한다. 나아가 본 연구는 자연재난 발생 시 장기적인 심리적 문제를 예방 혹은 개선하기 위해어떤 개인에게 주의를 기울이고, 어떤 부분에 초점을 맞춰 개입을 할지 결정하는 데에 기초가 되는 연구라는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

Abstract

While most disaster survivors recover from the emotional impact of the event over time, some develop long-term psychological problems. Based on extant findings, this study was conducted to identify the long-term psychological symptoms of Gyeongbuk area earthquake survivors and the predictors of such symptoms. Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms approximately 1 year following the earthquake, along with demographic variables, disaster-related variables, and, most importantly, individual psychological characteristic variables, were measured with self-report questionnaires in a sample of 195 residents of Gyeongju and Pohang. The proportion of survivors at high risk for posttraumatic stress and depression were 13.85% and 25.64%, respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly predicted by physical injury of self, perceived life threat of self, and catastrophizing tendency. For depressive symptoms, employment, prior psychological problems, social support, negative affectivity, other-blame, and catastrophizing tendency were identified as significant predictors. These results suggest the importance of psychological factors in predicting the long-term psychological symptoms of earthquake survivors. Furthermore, the findings highlight the need to examine such predictors when delivering prevention and intervention programs that target long-term psychological symptoms following a disaster such as an earthquake.

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