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대안현실사고(counterfactual thinking) 연구 개관: 기능적 특성을 중심으로

The Social Psychology of Counterfactual Thinking: A Critical Review

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주제분류심리과학

초록

“그때 만약 ...했다면, ...했을텐데.”와 같이 과거 행동 및 사건에 대한 대안을 상상하는 대안현실사고(counterfactual thinking)는 인간의 고등 정신활동으로, 사람들이 일상에서 흔히 경험하는 심리적 시간 여행이다. 지난 40여 년간 대안현실사고 현상에 대한 사회심리학적 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔으며, 이를 통해 인간의 인지-정서-행동 간 연결에 대한 이해를 높여 왔다. 본 논문에서는 정서, 동기, 판단, 의사결정, 자기개념, 그리고 인간관계 등 사람들의 다양한 심리 경험에 영향을 미치는 대안현실사고의 기능적 측면을 고찰하였다. 구체적으로, 대안현실사고의 내용과 그 내용에 영향을 미치는 요인들, 그리고 대안현실사고의 결과적 측면에 관한 연구들을 살펴봄으로써 대안현실사고의 다양한 기능을 살펴보았다. 또한, 기존 연구들에서 드러난 제한점을 분석하고 향후 대안현실사고 연구의 방향과 연구 결과의 응용 가능성을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Counterfactual thinking (i.e., thoughts of what might have been) is a mental time travel to past and its alternatives. The phenomenon of counterfactual thinking has been actively studied over the decades in the field of Social Psychology, yielding important insights into how human cognition, affect, and behavior are interconnected. From a functional perspective, the present study reviews literature on how counterfactuals are related to diverse experiences such as affect, motivation, judgment, decision making, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, the present study proposes new direction for future research in counterfactual thinking. Implications for application of counterfactuals and interdisciplinary research are discussed.

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