남북한 관계에서 한민족 범주복잡성과 한민족동일시가 외집단 관용 및 집단 간 통합지향 행동의도에 미치는 효과
The Interactive Effect of Superordinate Category Complexity and Superordinate Ingroup Identification on Outgroup Tolerance and Support for the Intergroup Integration in the Context of the Two Koreas
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초록
본 연구는 남북한 관계에서 공동 상위범주인 한민족의 범주복잡성이 낮거나 높다고 지각할 때 한민족동일시가 북한에 대한 관용과 남북한 통합지향 행동의도에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 높은 한민족 범주복잡성은 한민족이 다양한 속성을 지닌 하위집단들로 구성되었다는 지각을 의미한다. 본 연구에서는 남한 사람들이 한민족을 남북한뿐만 아니라 여러 하위집단(예: 한국계 외국인, 재외국민 등)으로 구성된다고 지각할 때 한민족동일시가 외집단인 북한에 대한 관용을 매개로 남북한 통합지향 행동의도를 정적으로 예측한다는 가설을 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 실험에서는 남한 대학생(N = 124)을 대상으로 한민족동일시 수준을 측정하고 한민족의 범주복잡성(높음 vs. 낮음)을 조작하였다. 실험 결과, 한민족 범주복잡성이 높은 조건에서 참가자들의 한민족동일시 수준이 높을수록 북한에 대한 관용 수준이 높았다. 반면 한민족 범주복잡성이 낮은 조건에서는 한민족동일시가 북한에 대한 관용을 예측하지 못했다. 그리고 한민족 범주복잡성과 한민족동일시의 상호작용이 북한에 대한 관용을 매개로 남북한 통합지향 행동의도를 정적으로 예측하였다. 본 연구가 남북관계에 관한 심리학 연구에 시사하는 바와 장래 연구과제를 논의하였다.
Abstract
The current study examined the interplay between superordinate category (i. e., ‘Ethnic Han’) complexity and superordinate ingroup identification on outgroup (North Koreans) tolerance and support for intergroup integration amongst South Koreans. Category complexity reflects the extent to which the category contains distinctive and equally representative subgroups. We hypothesized that individuals’ superordinate ingroup identification positively predicts outgroup tolerance when the superordinate category is perceived as complex rather than simple in its representational structure. In addition, we expected that this effect would positively predict outgroup tolerance, which in turn, positively predicts behavioral intentions for intergroup integration. In a laboratory experiment involving South Korean undergraduates (N = 124), we measured participants’ level of identification with the superordinate category and manipulated the superordinate category complexity (high vs. low). Results indicated, as expected, that in the high superordinate category complexity condition, superordinate ingroup identification positively predicted outgroup tolerance. When category complexity was low, there was no significant relationship between superordinate ingroup identification and outgroup tolerance. Further, outgroup tolerance mediated the interaction effect between the superordinate category complexity and the ingroup identification on behavioral intentions for intergroup integration. We discussed the role of superordinate category complexity and superordinate ingroup identification in establishing harmonious and integrative subgroup relationships between the two Koreas.
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