재난 유형이 지각된 재난 통제 가능성과 재난 피해자의 고통 추정에 미치는 영향
The effect of disaster type on perceived disaster controllability and pain estimation of disaster victims
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본 연구에서는 동일한 재난에 의해 피해를 겪은 피해자가 느끼는 고통을 추정할 때, 그 재난이 어떤 유형(인적 재난 vs. 자연 재난)으로 묘사되는지에 따라 피해자의 고통을 다르게 지각하는지를 살펴보고, 이러한 차이가 재난에 대한 지각된 통제 가능성에 의해 설명될 것이라는 가설을 검증하였다. 사전등록한 연구 절차와 방법에 따라, 참가자들은 네 조건(재난 유형: 인적 vs. 자연 × 재난 피해자 성별: 남자 vs. 여자) 중 한 조건에 할당되어 각 조건에 해당하는 시나리오를 제시받고 조작 점검 문항에 답하였다. 다음으로 참가자들은 재난의 지각된 통제 가능성, 피해자의 지각된 정서적/신체적 고통, 주의 점검 문항과 인구통계학적 변인 및 재난 피해 경험과 관련된 물음에 답하였다. 연구 결과, 인적 재난으로 묘사한 조건의 참가자들은 자연 재난으로 묘사한 조건의 참가자들보다 재난 피해자의 정서적 고통을 더 높게 평가하였으나 신체적 고통의 추정에서는 재난 유형에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 참가자들은 재난을 인적 재난으로 묘사한 경우에 자연 재난으로 묘사한 경우보다 재난의 통제 가능성을 더 높게 지각하였다. 가설에서 예측한 바와 다르게 재난 유형에 따른 피해자의 고통 추정에 대한 차이는 지각된 통제 가능성에 의해 설명되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 고통을 측정한 개별 문항을 종속 변인으로 하여 추가 분석을 진행한 결과, 재난 유형과 재난 피해자의 분노 추정 간의 관계가 지각된 통제 가능성에 의해 매개되는 것으로 나타났다. 참가자들은 인적(vs. 자연) 재난의 지각된 통제 가능성을 높게(vs. 낮게) 지각하였고, 이는 최종적으로 재난 피해자의 분노를 높게(vs. 낮게) 추정하도록 이끌었다. 본 연구는 동일한 재난으로 겪은 피해를 인적 재난과 자연 재난 중 어느 재난으로 묘사하는지에 따라 재난 피해자가 겪는 고통을 다르게 추정하는 편향이 존재함을 확인하였음에 의의가 있다.
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether estimating pain on victims of the same disaster differs depending on the description of the type of disaster (human vs. natural disaster) and whether the differences can be explained by the perceived controllability of the disaster. According to a pre-registered procedure and method of study, participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (disaster type: human vs. natural × victim gender: male vs. female), received a scenario, and responded to a manipulation check item. Next, participants answered the questions about the perceived controllability, perceived victim’s emotional/physical pain, attention check, demographic variables, and disaster-related experiences. The results showed that participants in the human disaster condition evaluated the victim’s emotional pain higher than those in the natural condition, but no difference was found in estimating the victim’s physical pain depending on the type of disaster. In addition, participants perceived higher controllability of the human disaster compared to the natural disaster. Contrary to our hypothesis, the relationship between disaster type and estimating pain was not explained by the perceived controllability of the disaster. Additional analyses were conducted by using each item of measuring pain as the dependent variable. We found that the relationship between disaster type and estimating victim’s anger was mediated by the perceived controllability of the disaster. Participants perceived a higher (vs. lower) controllability of human (vs. natural) disaster and it led to the higher (vs. lower) estimation of victim’s anger. This study implies that there is a bias in estimating disaster victims’ pain, depending on whether the disaster is described as a human or natural disaster.
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