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대학생의 우익권위주의, 사회지배지향성과 제노포비아와의 관계: 비인간화의 매개효과

The Relations between Right-Wing Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation and Xenophobia: The Mediating roles of Dehumanization

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초록

본 연구에서는 이주민에 향한 배타적이고 차별적인 태도인 제노포비아의 예측요인으로서 대학생들의 우익권위주의와 사회지배지향성을 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 이주민에 대한 비인간화의 매개효과들을 검증하고자 하였다. 우익권위주의와 사회지배지향성은 많은 외집단에 대한 편견의 예측 요인으로 주목되어왔으며, 비인간화는 제노포비아를 정당화하고 합법화하여 지속시킬 수 있기 때문에 중요한 매개변수로 고려되었다. 이를 위해, 전국의 대학생들을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였고, 신뢰할 수 없는 응답을 제외한 후, 총 191명의 자료를 SPSS 21과 PROCESS Macro v4.1 프로그램으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 대학생의 우익권위주의, 사회지배지향성, 이주민에 대한 비인간화, 제노포비아는 서로 각각 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한, 우익권위주의는 제노포비아와의 관계에서 직접효과와 비인간화를 통한 간접효과가 모두 유의한 반면에, 사회지배지향성은 제노포비아와의 관계에서 비인간화를 통한 간접효과만 유의하였다. 본 연구에서는 우익권위주의와 사회지배지향성이 제노포비아를 예측할 수 있는 개인차 요인들이며 이 과정에서 이주민에 대한 비인간화를 통한 간접효과를 가진다는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구 결과의 함의에 대해 논의하였으며, 연구의 한계와 후속연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

Abstract

This study attempted to identify the relationships between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO) and xenophobia, an exclusive and discriminatory attitude toward immigrants, and to verify the mediating effects of dehumanization of immigrants in these relations. RWA and SDO have been noted as predictors of prejudice against many outgroups, and dehumanization was considered as important mediating variables in this relations because it may justify and perpetuate xenophobia. For these purposes, an online survey was conducted for college students nationwide. After excluding unreliable responses, a total of 191 data was analyzed using SPSS 21 and PROCESS Macro v4.1 programs. The results showed that RWA, SDO, dehumanization towards immigrants and xenophobia were significantly positively correlated with one another. In addition, RWA had both direct and indirect effects through dehumanization on xenophobia, whereas SDO had only an indirect effect through dehumanization. This study confirmed that RWA and SDO are individual difference variables that can predict xenophobia, and have indirect effects through dehumanizing perceptions of immigrants in these relationships, respectively. Finally, we discussed the implications and limitations of this study, and suggestions for future research.

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