레이몽 크노 Queneau-울리포 OuLiPo 그룹과 프랑스 현대 시학

Abstract

Raymond Queneau, a veritable encyclopaedic spirit, is interested in all forms of knowledge, especially mathematics and language, whether literary or written, oral or spoken. Through his explorations of language and number, his writing activities are first of all inventing new structures, forms or "constraints", capable of allowing the production of original works. In this research, the import of mathematical concepts and the use of combinatorial resources are the main instruments. From there, with OuLiPo (the Potential Literary Works), he experimented with new literary structures, and elaborated numerous formal constraints, which were considered as new ways of creating literature. Their idea is to show that one can write magnificent texts while respecting very strong constraints, constraints that resemble many mathematical structures. For example, the "S + 7" method of replacing each word in a text (except for the word-tools) with the seventh following in a given dictionary. Also, Queneau's passion and quest for language games makes us see his sincere conviction of the need for a new verbal expression based on the most contemporary popular spoken language. This is what he calls "neo-French", characterized by a syntax and a vocabulary typical of spoken language and a more or less phonetic spelling. To do this, Queneau jostles words and uses a profusion of puns, inversions, suitcases and other literary finds which, combined with the importance he gives to rhythm, give him this style so peculiar. All these attempts of Queneau are mainly aimed at creating the new writing by the new language, and then at eliminating the space of literature.