Reading between the Lines: Chinese precedents for potential North Korean narrative shift on the United States
3
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
When the Chinese state sought rapprochement with the United States in the 1970s, the state departed from anti-American rhetoric through a series of careful adjustments in elite and mass information dissemination. Today’s North Korea, with a media environment analogous to Mao’s China, is tentatively pursuing a similar shift. Commentary suggests anti-American sentiment is essential to Pyongyang; as was considered the case in China prior to rapprochement. This article, using a consensus-building theoretical paradigm, examines how China managed a domestic propaganda shift and controlled audience costs amongst elites and ordinary citizens. It then highlights elements that North Korea could adapt in a similar transition, including adjusting messages for different segments of society, increasing foreign content, focusing on “good Americans,” and hedging.
Abstract
When the Chinese state sought rapprochement with the United States in the 1970s, the state departed from anti-American rhetoric through a series of careful adjustments in elite and mass information dissemination. Today’s North Korea, with a media environment analogous to Mao’s China, is tentatively pursuing a similar shift. Commentary suggests anti-American sentiment is essential to Pyongyang; as was considered the case in China prior to rapprochement. This article, using a consensus-building theoretical paradigm, examines how China managed a domestic propaganda shift and controlled audience costs amongst elites and ordinary citizens. It then highlights elements that North Korea could adapt in a similar transition, including adjusting messages for different segments of society, increasing foreign content, focusing on “good Americans,” and hedging.
참고문헌 (34)
- Abrahamian, A., "North Korea and Myanmar : Divergent Paths Jefferson" (2018), Mcfarland
- "Trump comes under worldwide criticism"[URL]
- Copp, D., "The Idea of a Legitimate State", Philosophy and Public Affairs,, 28, pp.3~45 (1999)
- Cox, R., "Labour and Hegemony", International Organization, 31(3), pp.385~424 (1997)
- Geddes, B., "Authoritarian Breakdown: Empirical Test of a Game-Theoretic Argument", 95th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association (1999)
- Geddes, B., "Sources of Popular Support for Authoritarian Regimes", American Journal of Political Science, 33(2), pp.319~347 (1989)
- Gōnggào, "Announcement", Renmin Ribao (Beijing), July 16, 1971, 1~ (1971)
- Griswald, D., "Korea, Rodman style", New Worker, September 27, 2013, ~ (2013)
- Hamel, K., "NBA great Dennis Rodman punctures US cold war myths", New Worker, March 15, 2013, ~ (2013)
- Hassig, K. O., "North Korean Policy Elites" (2019), Institute for Defense Analyses
- "Sports DPRK (En) (Pyongyang)"[URL]
- Jang, J., "Dear Leader: My Escape from North Korea", pp.2015, Ink
- "DPRK-U.S. Ties Can Never Become Cictim of Political Scramble in US. Rodong Sinmun (En) (Pyongyang)" (2018)[URL]
- "Treasure house in praise of great men" (2018)[URL]
- "Sinchon simmering with rage" (1998)[URL]
- "British Newspaper Introduces Ex-NBA Star's Visit to DPRK" (2013)[URL]
- "Kim Jong Un Watches Basketball Game of DPRK (2014). American Players" (2014)[URL]
- "Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un Has Chat and Dinner with President Donald J. Trump" (2019)[URL]
- "Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un, President Trump Hold Second-day Talks" (2019)[URL]
- "Press Statement by First Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of DPRK" (2019)[URL]
- "Leader lauded by world media outlets" (2019)[URL]
- 안드레이 란코프, "The Organizational Life: Daily Surveillance and Daily Resistance in North Korea", Journal of East Asian Studies, 12(2), pp.193~214 (2012), 동아시아연구원[DOI]
- Liu, A. P. L., "Communications and National Integration in Communist China" (1971), University of California Press
- Miller, A. L., "Valedictory: Analyzing the Chinese Leadership In An Era Of Sex, Money, And Power", China Leadership Monitor, 27 (2018)
- "Reasonable behaviour needed" (2019)[URL]
- New York Times, "Text of Nixon Toast At Shanghai Dinner", New York Times, February 28, 1972, ~ (1972)
- "Uriminzokkiri (En) (Pyongyang)" (2019)[URL]
- Pye, L. W., "Communications and Chinese Political Culture", Asian Survey, 18(3), pp.221~246 (1978)
- "Renmin Ribao (Beijing), August 10, 1971", 1971
- Sieger, K., "Opinion Research in East Germany: A Challenge to Professional Standards", International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2(4), pp.323~344 (1990)
- Weeks, J. L., "Autocratic Audience Costs: Regime Type and Signaling Resolve", International Organization, 62(1), pp.35~64 (2008)
- Wu, Y., "The week that changed the world': How China prepared for Nixon", BBC News (London). June 10, 2018, ~ (2018)
- Xi, J., "Let us continuously engrave a new chapter of the era inheriting the friendship of China and the DPRK", Rodong Sinmun (Pyongyang), June 19, 2019, 1~ (2019)
- Yi, G., "The ‘Propaganda State’ and Sino-American Rapprochement : Preparing the Chinese Public for Nixon’s Visit", Journal of American-East Asian Relations, 20(1), pp.5~28 (2013)