How North Korea Views China: Quantitative Analysis of Korean Central News Agency Reports
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
How does the North Korean government view China? This study examines North Korea’s foreign policy on China by analyzing the strategic options of North Korean leaders and applying sentiment analysis to Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) reports about China. It is found that North Korea’s generally positive attitude toward China contains nuanced types of sentiments and that North Korean leaders have managed the expression of these sentiments in the media to achieve political goals at domestic and international levels. Our ndings also suggest that, rst, China may not be the key to the solution of the Korean nuclear issue. Second, Kim Jong Un was not a weak leader from the beginning of his rule. Rather he had acquired a substantial amount of authority before Kim Jong Il passed away. Based on our ndings, an analysis of the future development of the North Korea–China relationship is also provided.
Abstract
How does the North Korean government view China? This study examines North Korea’s foreign policy on China by analyzing the strategic options of North Korean leaders and applying sentiment analysis to Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) reports about China. It is found that North Korea’s generally positive attitude toward China contains nuanced types of sentiments and that North Korean leaders have managed the expression of these sentiments in the media to achieve political goals at domestic and international levels. Our ndings also suggest that, rst, China may not be the key to the solution of the Korean nuclear issue. Second, Kim Jong Un was not a weak leader from the beginning of his rule. Rather he had acquired a substantial amount of authority before Kim Jong Il passed away. Based on our ndings, an analysis of the future development of the North Korea–China relationship is also provided.
참고문헌 (49)
- "Press Conference with President Obama and President Park of the Republic of Korea" (2014)[URL]
- "China Suspends All Coal Imports from North Korea" (2018)[URL]
- "North Korean Companies in China Ordered to Close" (2017)[URL]
- "China Moves to Limit Fuel, Textile Trade with North Korea" (2017)[URL]
- "‘Sidelined’ China Seeks to Maintain Influence as Ties between North Korea and U.S. Improve" (2018)[URL]
- Robert Rothstein, "Alliances and Small Powers" (1968), Columbia University Press
- Kenneth N. Waltz, "Theory of International Politics" (1979), Addison–Wesley
- Stephen M. Walt, "The Origins of Alliances" (1987), Cornell University Press
- David Kang, "Getting Asia Wrong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks", International Security, 27(4) (2003)
- Robert Powell, "In the Shadow of Power: States and Strategies in International Politics" (1999), Princeton University Press
- Paul Schroeder, "Historical Reality vs. Neorealist Theory", International Security, 19(1), pp.108~148 (1994)
- Randall L. Schweller, "Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In", International Security, 19(1), pp.72~107 (1994)
- Hans M. Kristensen, "A History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons in South Korea", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 73(6), pp.349~357 (2017)
- "North Korea Introduction 2009", pp.322~ (2009), Korea Institute for National Unification
- Stephen Walt, "Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power", International Security, 9(4), pp.3~43 (1985)
- 첨덕빈, "Analysis of Changes in North Korea’s Cognition of China through Its Media Coverage", The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 28(2), pp.199~221 (2016), 한국국방연구원[DOI]
- F. Gregory Gause, "Threats and Threat Perceptions in the Persian Gulf Region", Middle East Policy, 14(2), pp.119~125 (2007)
- Jae Ho Chung, "Uncertain Allies or Uncomfortable Neighbors? Making Sense of China–North Korea Relations, 1949–2010", The Pacific Review, 26(3), pp.243~264 (2013)
- Andrei Lankov, "The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia" (2013), Oxford University Press
- Adrian Buzo, "The Making of Modern Korea" (2016), Routledge
- Rawi Abdelal, "Strategy, Economic Relations, and the Definition of National Interests", Security Studies, 9(1, pp.2) (1999), 119~156
- Klaus Knorr, "The Power of Nations: The Political Economy of International Relations" (1975), Basic Books
- Jack Levy, "Realism and the Balance of Power: A New Debate" (2003), Prentice Hall
- Warner Roller Schilling, "Strategy, Politics, and Defense Budgets" (1962), Columbia University Press
- Roger Hilsman, "The Politics of Policy Making in Defense and Foreign Affairs" (1971), Rowman and Littlefield
- Gideon Rose, "Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy", World Politics, 51(1), pp.144~172 (1998)
- Randall Schweller, "Progress in International Relations Theories: Appraising the Field" (2003), MIT Press
- Randall Schweller, "Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power" (2006), Princeton University Press
- Michael Barnett, "Domestic Sources of Alliances and Alignments: the Case of Egypt, 1962–1973", International Organization, 45(3), pp.369~395 (1991)
- Jack Levy, "Alliances Formation, Domestic Political Economy, and Third World Security", The Jerusalem Journal of International Relations, 14(4), pp.19~40 (1992)
- Timothy Rich, "Propaganda with Purpose: Uncovering Patterns in North Korean Nuclear Coverage, 1997 – 2012", International Relations of the Asia–Pacific, 14(3), pp.427~453 (2014)
- "Is North Korea Now Erasing History?" (2013)[URL]
- A Study on Situation and Function of North Korean Press, "Yuhwan Ko", Korea Press Foundation, ~ (2012)
- "North Korea Says China ‘Dancing to U.S. Tune’ in Rare Spat" (2017)[URL]
- Dmitry Zinoviev, "Complex Network Analysis in Python. Recognize → Construct → Visualize → Analyze → Interpret" (2018), The Pragmatic Bookshelf
- "International Trade Centre", ~
- "Kim Jong Il ‘Has 3 Years to Live’" (2010)[URL]
- "North Korea Succession: Kim Jong Il Appoints Jang Song Taek Caretaker for Kim Jong Eun" (2010)[URL]
- "North Korea Suspected behind Murder of Leader’s Half-Brother" (2017)[URL]
- "China ‘Detains’ North Korean Assassins Seeking Kim Jong Un’s Dissident Nephew Kim Han-Sol" (2017)[URL]
- "N.K. Businessmen in China Summoned Back after Jangs’ Execution" (2013)[URL]
- "Kim Jong Un’s Speeches at the 7th Workers’ Party Congress" (2016)[URL]
- Marya L. Doerfel, "What Constitutes Semantic Network Analysis? A Comparison of Research and Methodologies", Connections, 21(2), pp.16~26 (1998)
- Balazs Kovács, "A Generalized Model for Similarity", Social Networks, 32(3) (2010)
- Mark Newman, "Modularity and Community Structure in Networks", PNAS, 103(23) (2006)
- David Blei, "Probabilistic Topic Models", Communications of the ACM, 55(4), pp.77~84 (2012)
- Vincent D. Blondel, "Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks", Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 10, pp.10008~10020 (2008)
- Richard Watson Todd, "Discourse Topics" (2016), John Benjamins Publishing Company
