A Comparative Examination of the Ideal Political Leadership Outlined in The Huainanzi (淮南子) and The Prince
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The Huainanzi is a masterpiece of East Asian political philosophy, based on proto-Daoism. It has, however, never received the same attention as other Chinese classics, due to the miserable death of its editor, Liu An. The Huainanzi explores scientific natural order, emphasizing the connectivity between the natural world and human beings and offering profound insights into human nature. Ultimately, The Huainanzi seeks to contrive a visionary political leadership and a political system based on nature. Machiavelli’s The Prince lays down the basic framework of Western politics. It describes the supreme leader’s ruling strategies for the implementation of power through realpolitik. The aim of this paper is to examine how these two masterpieces, written in different times and places, use their understanding of human nature to suggest ideal political leadership in an ideal political system. The study also examines the two books’ different positions on the rule of law and on military tactics. Despite the wide difference in political background of the books’ authors, there are some common factors, and the study analyzes them. Finally, the paper points out the valuable insights provided by The Huainanzi for realpolitik in the twenty-first century.
Abstract
The Huainanzi is a masterpiece of East Asian political philosophy, based on proto-Daoism. It has, however, never received the same attention as other Chinese classics, due to the miserable death of its editor, Liu An. The Huainanzi explores scientific natural order, emphasizing the connectivity between the natural world and human beings and offering profound insights into human nature. Ultimately, The Huainanzi seeks to contrive a visionary political leadership and a political system based on nature. Machiavelli’s The Prince lays down the basic framework of Western politics. It describes the supreme leader’s ruling strategies for the implementation of power through realpolitik. The aim of this paper is to examine how these two masterpieces, written in different times and places, use their understanding of human nature to suggest ideal political leadership in an ideal political system. The study also examines the two books’ different positions on the rule of law and on military tactics. Despite the wide difference in political background of the books’ authors, there are some common factors, and the study analyzes them. Finally, the paper points out the valuable insights provided by The Huainanzi for realpolitik in the twenty-first century.
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