선율(note melody)과 화성(chord harmony)을 통한 인간 뇌의 음악 인식 - 사건관련전위(event-related potentials, ERP)실험의 결과물을 바탕으로 -
Music Recognition of the Human Brain through Note Melody and Chord Harmony - Based on the Results of Event-Related Potentials (ERP) Experiments -
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
우리가 일상을 통해 접하는 음악에 한 소리의 흐름을 음악적 혹은 비음악적인 것으로 들리도록 하는 형식적 요소가 포함되어 있으며, 우리는 그러한 형식적 요소를 인식함으로써 그로부터 유래하는 음악적 감정을 얻게 된다. 이러한 음악적 감정은 감상자가 소리 흐름에 내재하는 선율 및 화성에 의해 전개된 종지형식(cadent process)의 긴장-해소(tension-resolution)감을 느끼는 데에서 비롯된 것으로 간주되어 왔다. 우리는 화성적 종지형식을 ‘음악적 해소 패턴(musical resolution pattern)’이라고, 또 이러한 음악적 해소가 감상자의 뇌에서 벌어지는 일이라 가정하고, 그러한 음악적 해소가 벌어지는 시점의 뇌반응을 관찰함으로써 ‘음악의 인식(musical cognition)’이 무엇인지를 밝힐 수 있다고 생각한다. 이러한 전제를 기반으로 우리는 음악의 뇌반응에 대한 ERP 실험의 결과를 언어의 통사론의 형식성에 대한 연구 결과와 비교했고, 그 과정에서 음악에 있어서의 의미론적 형식성을 발견할 수 있었다. 우리 연구는 음악 작품의 선율과 화성을 음악적인 것과 비음악적인 것으로 구분 조작하고, 이로부터 음악적 인식이 어떻게 특정화될 수 있는지 ERP 실험을 통한 뇌신경반응 결과물을 추출하여 언어의 자료들과 비교함으로써 이루어졌다.
Abstract
The music we listen to everyday contains a formal element that makes a sound stream musical or nonmusical. While recognizing such a formal arrangement of music we can get a musical emotional feeing out of it. But the musical feeling of a sound stream has long been regarded as a result from undergoing a listener's tension-resolution which is attributed to the melodic and harmonic cadent process pattern of the sound stream. Assuming that the point of the resolution, the musical cadence, complies with the resolution pattern, and that the feeling of musical resolution occurs in the listener's brain, we can shed some lights on what the musical cognition is by observing the brain responses at such a point of musical resolution. Using event-related potentials (ERP) experiments we probed into the syntactic formality of music in order to compare it with the syntactic formality of language. In our study we manipulated musical notes and chords, and collected the ERP data of the neural responses to them to ascertain how the musical cognition is characterized.
참고문헌 (18)
- Besson, Mireille, "An event-related potential (ERP) study of musical expectancy: Comparison of musicians with nonmusicians", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 21(6) (1995)
- Bigand, Emmanuel, "Effects of global structure and temporal organization on chord processing", ournal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25 (1999)
- Bigand, Emmanuel, "Perception of music tension in short chord sequences: the influence of harmonic fucntion, sensory dissonance, horizontal motion,and musical training", Percept Psychophys, 58 (1996)
- Carrus, Elisa, "Melodic pitch expectation interacts with neural responses to syntactic but not sematic violations", Coretex, 49 (2013)
- Greenhouse, Samuel W, "On methods in the analysis of profile data", Psychometrika, 24 (1959)
- Featherstone, Cara R, "Semantics, Syntax or Neither? A Case for Resolution in the Interpretation of N500 and P600 Responses to Harmonic Incongruities", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2013)
- Jentschke, Sebadtian, "Children with specific language impairment also show impairment of music-syntactic processing", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(11) (2008)
- Kant Immanuel, "Kritik der Urteilskraft" (1924), Felix Meiner Verlag
- Koelsch, Stefan, "Interaction between Processing in Language and in Music: An ERP Study", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 (2005)
- Koelsch, Stefan, "Brain indices of music processing: "nonmusicians" are musical", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12 (2000)
- Koelsch, Stefan, "Towards a neural basis of music perception", Trends in Cognitive Science, 9 (2005)
- Levitin, Daniel, "This is Your Brain in Music: The Science of a Human Obsession" (2006), Dutton
- ". Version 5.3.51"[URL]
- Patel, Aniruddh D, "Processing syntactic relation in language and music: An event-related potential study", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10(6), pp.717~733 (1998)
- Peretz, Isabelle, "The Cognitive Neuroscience of Music" (2003), Oxford University Press
- Steinbeis, Nikolaus, "Shared neural resources between music and language indicate semantic processing of musical tension-resolution patterns", Cerbral Coretex, 18 (2008)
- Steinbeis, Nikolaus, "The role of harmonic expectancy violations in musical emotions: evedence from subjective, physiolosical an neural responses", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18 (2006)
- Tillmann, Barbara, "Implicit learning of tonality: a self-organizing approach", Psychological Review, 107 (2000)