「오부심관」의 오선정불에 나타난 전의(轉依) 고찰

Abstract

The psychology in the western world was begun by G.freud and K.G.Jung who devoted to integrate theoretical foundation of it which its noteworthy theory is known as subconsciousness which is limited to life and memories of this present life. The application of subconsciousness in modern psychology have been applied to versatile areas of business, marketing, politics, social science, etc as its theory is concerned with the mental process and the behavior of human's activities. The Budhdist psychology was established by Sakyamuni Buddha which foundation includes memories of previous lives as most of the Buddhist theories are based on doctrine of reincarnation. The Budhdist psychology was expanded and developed by many of Buddhist schools especially by Yogacara School of the fourth and fifth century A.D. It is found a lot of mutual shared features between western psychology and Budhdist psychology if in particular the subconsciousness in western psychology in compared to Alaya consciousness in Buddist psychology. It is found special features in Buddhist psychology as the purpose of Buddhist psychology is to get enlightenment that the Buddhist practitioner tries to discern and research her or his mind so as to get rid of passions and ignorances of mind. In the age of Mahayāna Buddhism lots of techniques for Buddhist practices were developed especially by the advent of Esoteric Buddhism as it suggested technologies of reciting mantra, visualizing Mudra and Mandala and lots of contemplating skills. The Esoteric Buddhism in India was transmitted to Tibet and Northeast Asia and Subhakarasimha(善無畏, 637-735) was one of master who transmitted Esoteric Buddhism of Nalanda University to China and one of his work is the Visualization of Five Family in Mind(五部心觀) to introduce the contemplation of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas of Vajra Realm Mandala in Vajra Peak Tantra. The Five Family in Vajra Realm Mandala is a realization of subconsciousness of mind which consists of more than one hundred Buddhas and Bodhisattvas that symbolize all the attributes and elements of mind. The practitioner visualize the shapes and hold together his fingers[Mudra] and muttering Mantras to access to the deep level of his subconsciousness and to overcome mundane passions and purify his mind to accomplish Buddhahood and also to developed altruistic feature of his mind. All the processes of visualization in Visualization of Five Family in Mind is actually an integration of Bodhisattva practices of Mahayana Buddhism which ritual was an innovative one at that time and is still flourished in Tibet and Japan where the Esoteric Buddhism still exists.