소설과 영화를 통해 본 프랑코의 탄압 -카를로스 폰세카의 소설『13송이 빨간 장미들』과 마르티네스 라사로의 영화『13송이 장미들』을 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to contribute to throw light upon one of the saddest and most dramatic chapters of the Franquist repression after the Spanish Civil War. Following the occupation by the Franquist Army, the communist leaders tried to build an underground organization called JSU to fight against Franco's regime. Nevertheless the members of this organization, 43 men and 13 women, were arrested and later sentenced to death under the accusation of ‘adhesión a la rebelión’ (supporting the rebellion). The execution of those thirteen JSU young militants left an indelible mark on the history of Spain, despite that the facts were silenced and remained unknown until recent years. This tragic post-war event has been reflected recently by journalists, novelists and movie directors through their works, reconstructing the story of those women. Among them stand out the works of journalist and moviemaker Martínez Lázaro. Through our study, we reach to the following conclusions. First, we can define Fonseca's work as a factual testimonial novel, in the sense of that Fonseca reinforce its verisimilitude through interviews with the bereaved families and testimonies of the survivors. Second, through a comparative analysis between Fonseca's novel and Martínez Lázaro's movie, we have reached to the conclusion that there are not essential differences. The only noticeable difference is that Martínez Lázaro tells the story from an objective viewpoint, although a bit sentimental, in contrast with the mentioned characteristics of Fonseca's work. Third, 'Las trece rosas' knew well what they were doing, and they took the streets not out of a momentary sentimentalism but with great courage and strong ideological conviction, to fight against Franco's regime and to defend the Spanish Second Republic.