가을 황사발생 시 고비사막에서 수송된 극미세입자가 입자상물질 농도 (PM10, PM2.5, PM1)에 미친 영향 -2003년 10월 27일 사례-
Impact of Fine Particulate Matters Transported from Gobi Desert to Particulate Matter Concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) for Yellow Sand Event Period in Fall: Case Study of October 27, 2003
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황사발생 전과 후인 2003년 10월 26일 00시부터 29일 18시까지 한국의 동쪽 연안에 있는 강릉시에서 PM10, PM2.5와 PM1 매 시각별 분포를 조사하였다. 황사가 고비사막으로부터 유입되기 전까지는 매 시각 PM10 농도가 20μg/㎥ 내외, PM2.5가 10μg/㎥ 내외, PM1가 5μg/㎥ 내외로 매우 낮은 농도를 나타내지만 황사가 유입된 10월 27일 09시부터 28일 05시까지는 PM10의 농도의 범위가 48.20~154.57μg/㎥이며, 평상시 비해 PM10의 농도가 3.8배로 높았다. 유사하게 PM2.5의 농도는 26.92~93.19μg/㎥의 변화폭을 나타내며, 최대 3.4배로 높게 나타났고, PM1의 농도는 19.63~76.05μg/㎥의 변화폭을 갖고, 최대 14.1배가 되었다. 황사가 나타나는 동안에는 수송된 황사먼지의 집중적인 유입과 동시에 도로 위의 차량의 밀집과 일몰 후 주거지역에서의 보일러 가동으로 출근시각인 09시와 퇴근시각인 17시에 PM의 고농도가 나타났다. 황사가 관측되기 전에는 미세입자와 극미세입자의 비율을 나타내는 (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5는 0.75~7.12, 극미세입자와 초극미세입자의 비율을 나타내는 (PM2.5-PM1)/PM1는 0.23~1.90로 나타났으며, 황사가 관측되는 기간에는 0.60~1.25와 0.21~0.37을 각각 나타내었다. 강릉시에 황사가 나타나기 전에는 2.5μm 큰 입자들이 2.5μm 이하의 극미세입자보다 PM10의 농도에 큰 영향을 주었으나, 황사가 관측되는 기간에는 2.5μm 이하의 극미세입자들이 PM10의 고농도 출현에 크게 기여하였다. 황사가 관측되는 기간에는 지역의 PM고농도에 2.5μm 이상의 큰 입자가 기여하는 일반적인 양상과 반대였다.
Abstract
Hourly distribution of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at Gangneung city in the eastern coast of Korea from 0000LST October 26 to 1800LST October 29, 2003. Before the intrusion of dust from the northern China toward the city, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations were generally low more or less than 20μg/㎥, 10μg/㎥ and 5μg/㎥, except for PM10 of 69.87μg/㎥ at 1800 LST,October 26, respectively. From 0900 LST October 27 through 0500LST, October 28 during the intrusion of dust toward the city, PM10 concentrations were in the range of 48.20~154.57μg/㎥ and maximum concentration was 3.8 times higher than the maximum concentration of non-dust period. Similarly, PM2.5 (PM1) concentrations were in the range of 26.92~93.19μg/㎥ (19.63~76.05μg/㎥) with maximum concentration of 3.4 (14.1) times higher than one of non-dust period and their general concentrations. During the dust period under the intensive intrusion of dusts from Gobi Desert toward the city, higher PM concentrations were detected at 0900LST at the beginning time of office and 1700LST at the ending time of office due to high density of traffic vehicles on the road and more operating heating boilers near the sunset. Before the dust period, fractional ratios of (PM10-PM2.5)/PM2.5 were 0.75~7.12 and (PM2.5-PM1)/PM1 were 0.23~1.90. These ratios implied that coarse particulate greater than 2.5μm made a great contribution to PM10 concentration and fine particulate greater than 1 μm to PM2.5, resulting in the contribution of coarse particulates to local particulate concentrations. However, during the dust period, their ratios were 0.60~1.25 and 0.21~0.37, which implied fine particulate smaller than 2.5μm and 1m sizes made great contributions to PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. The great contribution of fine particulate matter smaller than 25μm to local high PM concentration during the dust period was opposite to the general pattern of PM concentration with the particulate’s contribution greater than 2.5μm.
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