영지(靈知)와 수사(修辭)의 귀환으로서의 마술적 사실주의

Abstract

With the death of Gabriel García Márquez, discussion of Magical Realism is reignited. This article aims at configuration of Magical Realism at the realm of return of ‘Gnosis’ and ‘Rhetoric’ in the currents of modern human science. Latin American Writers at the periphery of western world produced literary texts recollecting scattered and forgotten style and thinking on the verge of criticizing Modernity. They represented inside and outside of Modern time- space simultaneously and this caused to western readers to recognize otherwise their self-consciousness and world vision. The need to Gnosis thinking in modern world was raised by Walter Mignolo to recover colonial differences which colonial translation wanted to eradicate. Gnosis, which has been known to be the knowledge of God and metaphysical thought in ancient world and in the modern period this secret knowledge oppressed by modern rationality, served key motive to represent border thinking of Latin America at the periphery of modernization and connected Jorge Luis Borges to García Márquez. Chaim Perelman in The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation, suggested pluralistic democracy not from the rational which is a modern ideology but from the reasonable which is produced by consent and compromise with the audience restoring rhetorics which is suppressed by logics after Petrus Ramus. His argumentation on restoration of Rhetoric in modern society opens new space to explain Magical Realism in One Hundred Years of Solitude which is considered by John Barth to turn ‘the literature of exhaustion’ to ‘the literature of replenishment’. The universality of this text is caused by vivid description about marvelous event which enables to time of Kairos and rhetoric repletion and consent and compromise between narrator and audiences in text and between author and reader. The rhetorical literary theory like Magical Realism has produced the controversy and ‘resistance to the theory’ in the sense of Paul de Man, and, at the same time, it can not be denied that opened new horizon of meaning revealing attraction and flourish of this theory by way of self-deconstruction.