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지배구조의 젠더 다양성이 기업혁신 활동에 미치는 영향: 베트남 제조기업을 중심으로 분석

Gender Diversity of Corporate Governance and Innovation: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms

강영희
여성학연구소 (Institute of Women's Studies)|2021.12|젠더와 문화 (Gender and Culture)|제14권 제2호|pp. 73-112|DOI https://doi.org/10.20992/gc.2021.12.14.2.73

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혁신innovationcorporate governancefemale leader여성 리더기업 지배구조gender diversity젠더 다양성베트남 제조기업Vietnamese manufacturing firms
주제분류여성학

초록

기업의 생존과 경쟁력 강화를 위해 혁신은 중요하다. 하지만 신흥지역의 기업혁신 활동에 영향을 규명하는 연구는 여전히 부족하며, 특히 지배구조의 젠더 다양성이 신흥지역 기업혁신에 미치는 영향은 일관적이지 않다. 이에 본 연구는 세계은행(World Bank)의 기업 설문에 참여한 661개 베트남 제조기업 대상으로 지배구조의 젠더 다양성이 R&D 혁신(신제품 출시, R&D 활동)과 non-R&D(제조법 혁신, 혁신 교육·훈련, 물류·유통 혁신, 지원업무 혁신, 조직혁신)에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 젠더 다양성이 R&D 혁신에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 non-R&D 혁신에는 영향을 미쳤다. 구체적으로, 여성 CEO는 제조법 혁신에는 부정적인 영향을 주었으나 지원업무 프로세스 혁신에는 긍정적인 영향을 끼쳤다. 또한, 여성 오너는 제조법 혁신, 지원업무 프로세스 혁신, 조직혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과에 대한 함의와 향후 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

Abstract

For firms in emerging markets, innovation plays a critical role in surviving and obtaining competitiveness. However, there is little research investigating determinants of innovation in emerging markets, particularly the effects of gender diversity of corporate governance on innovation. This research therefore aims to explore the gender diversity of governance among 661 Vietnamese manufacturing companies that participated in the World Bank’s corporate survey, by examining the relations of female leaders—female owners or CEOs to R&D- and non-R&D activities. Results indicate that female CEOs are likely to have negative impacts on innovation training and process innovation, while female owners are likely to have positive impacts on these activities. In particular, female owners are positively associated with innovation with regard to manufacturing methods and supporting activities. However, female CEOs are less likely to impact on the innovation of operating methods than are male CEOs. Finally, female owners are positively related to organizational innovation. The implications of this study are discussed.

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