여신영성: 본질주의 논쟁 다시보기 - 신유물론과의 관련에서
Goddess Spirituality: Revisiting Debates over Essentialism in Dialogue with New Materialism
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초록
이 연구는 서구 여신운동의 본질주의 문제를 신유물론의 시각에서 다시 살펴 생산적 결과를 도출하려는 목적을 갖는다. 페미니스트 영성운동으로서 여신운동은 지난 50여년간 대중적 기반을 확장하며 발전해 왔으나 본질주의 논란에서 자유롭지 못했다. 여신을 자연과 동일시하고, 여성 몸의 재생산 능력에 종교적 의미를 부여하기 때문이다. 신유물론은 물질의 행위성과 지성 등 물질성에 대한 새로운 관점과 사유로 몸과 자연을 본질주의적이지 않은 방식으로 인식할 수 있는 통로를 열어준다. 또 몸/마음, 자연/문화, 섹스/젠더의 이원론을 해체함으로써 본질주의 논쟁의 구도가 자리하는 토대 자체를 흔들며 재구성한다. 신유물론의 관점에서 볼 때 그 동안 페미니즘 이론에서 전개된 본질주의 논쟁은 문제적이다. 여신영성의 사상과 신유물론은 서로 공명하는 지점들이 많다. 여신운동의 난제 중 하나인 본질주의 문제는 신유물론을 통해 새로운 차원에서 극복될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This study aims to derive productive results by reexamining the criticisms of essentialism directed against the Western goddess movement through the lens of new materialism. Over the past 50 years, the goddess movement has gained popularity by criticizing the androcentrism of patriarchal religions, yet it has not escaped from the controversies surrounding essentialism. This controversy arises from the movement’s identification of the goddess with nature and its attribution of religious significance to the reproductive capacities of the female body. New materialism opens a path to understand the body and nature in a non-essentialist way and provide new perspectives and thoughts on materiality, emphasizing the agency and intelligence of materials. There are numerous points where the ideas of goddess spirituality and new materialism resonate each other. This article suggests that dialogue between the two could bring productive outcomes for both perspectives.
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