소위 ‘소유 여격’에 대하여: 러시아어에서 소유형용사, 생격, У+생격 및 수혜 여격과의 비교
On the So-Called "Possessive Dative": Comparison with Possessive Adjective, Genitive, U+Genitive, and Benefactive Dative in Russian
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The purpose of this article is to re-evaluate the concept of the so-called "possessive dative", by comparing it with possessive adjective, genitive, u+genitive, and benefactive dative in Russian. As a basis for the study I started with the re-examination of the concept of possession and possessive expressions. Possession is defined as the existence of the possessed(=part) within the sphere of the possessor(=whole). Among possessive expressions u+genitive, functioning as Locative in the existential construction, establishes the possessive relationship by asserting the existence of an entity within its sphere. Possessive adjective and genitive assume the role of possessor and function as the attributive to the N(=possessed) within the NP. Possession in possessive adjective and genitive is part of their grammatical (and in the case of possessive adjective also lexical) meaning. In contrast to the above-mentioned possessive expressions "possessive dative" only implicates the possessive relationship. The goal of the speaker of the "possessive dative" construction is not to assert the possessive relationship but to show that the dative referent is affected by the action or the situation. Such goal is achieved by the feature [+directional] of the dative. Possessive expressions show hierarchical divergence in the degree of empathy: possessive adjective/genitive < u+genitive < dative. Possession is not an inherent and distinctive semantic property of the "possessive dative" is evidenced by the fact that other datives such as recipient dative or benefactive dative also have something to do with possession: recipient and benefactive datives entail possession. Many cases of the "possessive dative" do in fact have simultaneous role as beneficiary or recipient. It also turns out that some "possessive datives" may be handled more efficiently with the notion of experiencer. The term "possessive dative" has raison d'être only in pragmatic sense. It can be dispensed with as a subtype of Russian dative.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to re-evaluate the concept of the so-called "possessive dative", by comparing it with possessive adjective, genitive, u+genitive, and benefactive dative in Russian. As a basis for the study I started with the re-examination of the concept of possession and possessive expressions. Possession is defined as the existence of the possessed(=part) within the sphere of the possessor(=whole). Among possessive expressions u+genitive, functioning as Locative in the existential construction, establishes the possessive relationship by asserting the existence of an entity within its sphere. Possessive adjective and genitive assume the role of possessor and function as the attributive to the N(=possessed) within the NP. Possession in possessive adjective and genitive is part of their grammatical (and in the case of possessive adjective also lexical) meaning. In contrast to the above-mentioned possessive expressions "possessive dative" only implicates the possessive relationship. The goal of the speaker of the "possessive dative" construction is not to assert the possessive relationship but to show that the dative referent is affected by the action or the situation. Such goal is achieved by the feature [+directional] of the dative. Possessive expressions show hierarchical divergence in the degree of empathy: possessive adjective/genitive < u+genitive < dative. Possession is not an inherent and distinctive semantic property of the "possessive dative" is evidenced by the fact that other datives such as recipient dative or benefactive dative also have something to do with possession: recipient and benefactive datives entail possession. Many cases of the "possessive dative" do in fact have simultaneous role as beneficiary or recipient. It also turns out that some "possessive datives" may be handled more efficiently with the notion of experiencer. The term "possessive dative" has raison d'être only in pragmatic sense. It can be dispensed with as a subtype of Russian dative.
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