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“경계인”으로서의 까자끼: 까자끼의 역사적 기원과 형성에 대한 소고

Cossacks as Eurasian Borderers: Reflections on the Early History of the Cossackdom

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러시아연구소 (Institute for Russian and East European Studies)|2010.05|러시아연구|제20권 제1호|pp. 169-214|DOI 10.22414/rusins.2010.20.1.169

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키워드

변경경계인콰자크까자끄우끄라이나
주제분류러시아어와문학

초록

This paper deals with the birth and emergence of Russian Cossackdom focusing upon its formative period ranging from the 15th century to the 16th century, a period of a remarkable change featuring the evolution of the Cossackdom from a social phenomenon into a full-fledged social organization. As the etymological relationship between the Russian "Kazak" and the Turkish "Qazak" clearly suggests, the first Cossacks appeared in a "frontier zone" in Southern Russia and Ukraine bordering sendentary and normadic civilizations, when it began to be populated by the Russian and Ruthenian fugitives who were escaping from the yoke of serfdom. In the early 16th century, Moscovite, Lithuanian and Polish rulers (after 1569) began attempting to incorporate these Cossacks into the existing social fabric of their kingdoms; their attempt and the Cossacks' reactions galvanized the formation of the first and earliest two Cossack voiska in the southern border of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Don and Zaporozh'e.

Abstract

This paper deals with the birth and emergence of Russian Cossackdom focusing upon its formative period ranging from the 15th century to the 16th century, a period of a remarkable change featuring the evolution of the Cossackdom from a social phenomenon into a full-fledged social organization. As the etymological relationship between the Russian "Kazak" and the Turkish "Qazak" clearly suggests, the first Cossacks appeared in a "frontier zone" in Southern Russia and Ukraine bordering sendentary and normadic civilizations, when it began to be populated by the Russian and Ruthenian fugitives who were escaping from the yoke of serfdom. In the early 16th century, Moscovite, Lithuanian and Polish rulers (after 1569) began attempting to incorporate these Cossacks into the existing social fabric of their kingdoms; their attempt and the Cossacks' reactions galvanized the formation of the first and earliest two Cossack voiska in the southern border of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: Don and Zaporozh'e.

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