왜계 문물 수용의 전환기로 본 가야와 왜의 교류양상

Abstract

This article paid attention to the phenomenon in which the exchange patterns between Gaya and Wa changed from material exchange to human exchange starting in the 6th century. Exchanges between Gaya and Wa in the 3rd to 5th centuries were carried out through earthenware, bronze, and ironware, and items produced in various parts of the Japanese archipelago were handed down to the Gaya region via the Kyushu region. First of all, the power that led the exchange between Gaya and Wa in the 3rd and 4th centuries can be said to be the ruling class of Geumgwan Gaya, who built the ancient tombs in Daeseong-dong, Gimhae. They continued to grow and develop based on trade, which utilized the resources accumulated in various parts of the Korean Peninsula, including iron, and the relay of Chinese culture. However, it began to decline from the 5th century as it suffered a serious blow from the invasion of the Goguryeo army. From this point on, as Gaya and Wa diversified their exchange targets and regions, the Wa culture gradually expanded beyond the Gimhae region to the southern coast and western inland regions. Since the 5th century, as large and small ports connecting Gaya and Wa have been operated, the range of choices related to exchanges has widened, and furthermore, there is a possibility that a regional network related to trade with Wa was formed. Exchanges between Gaya and Wa in the 6th century centered on highly human exchanges beyond material exchanges, and traces of them can be found through ancient tombs in Wa-style. In the Gaya region, not only each element related to the construction of the ancient tombs of the Wa appeared, but also included parts related to the funeral rites of the Wa. At the time, the core of human exchange between Gaya and Wa was more related to the acquisition of advanced technology and information than political and diplomatic purposes. In the Japanese archipelago efforts were made to meet the demands for advanced technologies such as goldsmiths and horse breeding, and Wa people from various backgrounds gathered in the Kyushu region adjacent to the Gaya region. At this time, it is confirmed in the Wa-style tomb culture that the Wa people from the northern Kyushu region and the mid-western region led exchanges with Gaya as the center. And Through the tombs, which are symbolic monuments, the possibility of a mutually competitive relationship to gain the upper hand in exchange was also suggested. In addition, it was found that at this time, some of the Wa people from the central and western regions of Kyushu chose to settle down in the Gaya region.