조선후기 영남지역 鄕戰의 분석

Abstract

Hyangjeon started from confrontation between existing nobilities from before King Yeongjo. As there was some crack in ruling order of nobility groups due to such conflict, emerging powers participated in Hyangjeon, using such gap so that there also appeared conflict between existing power and emerging power. In Yeongnam area, ruling order of nobility groups was comparatively stable than other areas but according to village, strength of ruling order of nobility groups was different. There was high possibility for a new power to appear as a new local power in the village with weak ruling order. And from two areas of Yeongnam such as left and right Yeongnam, right Yeongnam showed severe Hyangjeon than left one. Nammyeong school(南冥學派) in right area out of Yeongnam areas, especially, in western area of Gyeongnam had originally a position of Daebuk(大北) but as they fell after Injo coup, they became near Namin(南人) in large scale. Furthermore, as several events like damage on woodblock-printed book of『Nammyeong collection(南冥集)』happened, neglected group by this became near Seoin(西人) so that confrontation between Seoin and Namin within Nammyeong school gradually expanded. Such conflict affected villages around Jinju. And Hyangjeon developed in several villages of Jwado due to conflict between nobility groups. After the 18th century, Hyangjeon due to confrontation between new local power and existing local power appeared in Yeongnam. But it seems that the new local power of then times was same nobility group who tried to be listed on nobility record newly. Since then, in Yeongnam, as inferior new local power won power in other class over to expand their power under central Noron(老論), entry of concubine sons or other class gradually expanded. The phenomenon of confrontation and abrogation surrounding nobility record in the end of the 17th century through middle of the 18th century was caused by confrontation between nobilities in local society. In this midst, figures in the nobility class but were not listed on nobility record were supported by central Seoin and Noron. As a result, they were listed on the record so that this developed to Hyangjeon between new power and existing power. The conflict surrounding Confucian school and Confucian academy in Yeongnam had developed to confrontation between existing nobilities from early time. From reign of King Yeongjo, confrontation between new local power and existing local power began clearly. New local power asked for equal participation about Confucian school and Confucian academy. As concubines sons who did Tongcheong(通淸, abolition of social discrimination) movement participated in Confucian school and Confucian academy, conflict between existing nobility and concubines sons became severe in each village in Yeongnam. There was Hyangjeon surrounding Hyangim(鄕任, post in local community) due to confrontation between existing nobilities in the beginning. But in the late period, Hyangjeon began to appear between new local power and existing local power surrounding Hyangim in Yeongnam. In the 19th century, not only the nobility but also lower official group formed faction plainly and then, participated in Hyangjeon in proactive way.