하동 安溪 마을의 인문 환경 -學術文化 인프라의 조성 및 경영을 중심으로-

Abstract

Chosŏn was a state ruled by civil officials (文治國家) as well as a community of ruling by rituals (禮治) that was made with literary and elaborated with courtesy. The literati those who believed in Learning of Master Zhu in respect, posed themselves as devoting performers for civil administration (文治), and they had a strong attachment to village, which was the space of realization of Ga (家), a basic unit of the state. The village was implanted to them as not only for dwelling and living, but also as a knowledge community that has a self-sufficient in academic culture. They accepted general realization of this conception as Chosŏnization of the Learning of Master Zhu. Village as a human environment is not formed, but it is a space constructed by human being who has particular ideology and value. The merits and demerits of the space are directly related to the ability of the person who designs the space. When the person who is far-sighted with brilliant vision involved in the design, it will be able to ensure an excellence of characteristics, that is an elegance of the space. The origin thought of the Ha clan in Angye village was the Learning of Master Zhu and the Study of Nammyŏng. The former was a vertical thought that has generality, and the latter was a horizontal value that was based on distinctiveness. They created their culture by putting these two things vertically and horizontally. Through this, they gave prominence to their existence and expanded their social and academic field as well. It was early 17th century that the Ha clan settled in Angye in 15th century secured the supreme control of the space and started to manage the village in the perspective of the Learning of Master Zhu and the Study of Nammyŏng. On its peak, there was a scholar called Ha Hong-do who was preferred by Yŏngnam academia. The academic culture infra that he and his descendants constructed and managed―Munam(文巖), Kyŏngsŭngjae(敬勝齋), Mohanjae(慕寒齋), Chongch'ŏnsŏwŏn(宗川書院), Chikpanghŏn(直方軒), Kwangyŏngjŏng (光影亭), Igoksŏdang (尼谷書堂), Sasansŏdang(士山書堂)―had reflected their goal of academic culture and sociopolitical line of Angye village. Their lives set in Angye village were remained in historical stratum in 300 years’ time and we are trying to ruminate on their lives through this historical stratum. This is what the village is. Writings could be corrected or elaborated according to one’s needs and interests, but the traces of life which were built impregnably as time passes do not tolerate hasty changes. This is the scene of the cultural history of village, that is simple and sincere, also severe.