Effect of Dry, Wet and Liquid Feeding on the Performance, Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Pigs
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
A total of 240 growing pigs were distributed in three treatment groups to investigate the influence of fermentation in different feeder type on the growing finishing pigs. The treatments were dry feeding (DF), wet feeding (WF) with dry-wet feeders and liquid feeding (LF) with freshly prepared 3:1 water to feed ratio fed three times a day throughout the experiment. The average daily gain (ADG) and body weight were consistently greater (p<0.05) in LF than the others. When the entire experimental period was taken under consideration the ADG and body weight was also found to be increased (p<0.05) in WF in comparison to DF. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and growth to feed ratio (G/F) was not affected however the average daily water intake (ADWI) and water to feed ratio (W/F) were significantly reduced (p<0.01) in WF in comparison to DF and LF. The ATTD of DM, GE and CP was increased (p<0.05) in WF and LF in comparison to DF at both phase I and II (4th and 8th wk) of the experiment. Carcass characteristics and blood parameters were not affected (p>0.05) in any of the feeding type in growing finishing pigs. It can be concluded that wet feeding with dry-wet feeders is good for enhancing the growth performance in the later stages while fresh liquid feeding in ratio 3:1 is beneficial for the growing finishing pigs throughout the experiment.
Abstract
A total of 240 growing pigs were distributed in three treatment groups to investigate the influence of fermentation in different feeder type on the growing finishing pigs. The treatments were dry feeding (DF), wet feeding (WF) with dry-wet feeders and liquid feeding (LF) with freshly prepared 3:1 water to feed ratio fed three times a day throughout the experiment. The average daily gain (ADG) and body weight were consistently greater (p<0.05) in LF than the others. When the entire experimental period was taken under consideration the ADG and body weight was also found to be increased (p<0.05) in WF in comparison to DF. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and growth to feed ratio (G/F) was not affected however the average daily water intake (ADWI) and water to feed ratio (W/F) were significantly reduced (p<0.01) in WF in comparison to DF and LF. The ATTD of DM, GE and CP was increased (p<0.05) in WF and LF in comparison to DF at both phase I and II (4th and 8th wk) of the experiment. Carcass characteristics and blood parameters were not affected (p>0.05) in any of the feeding type in growing finishing pigs. It can be concluded that wet feeding with dry-wet feeders is good for enhancing the growth performance in the later stages while fresh liquid feeding in ratio 3:1 is beneficial for the growing finishing pigs throughout the experiment.
참고문헌 (30)
- AOAC, "Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International" (2007)
- Barber, J., "The effects of water to food ratio on the digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention of a grower ration", Anim. Prod, 52, pp.601~ (1991)
- Braun, K., "Liquid swine feed ingredients: Nutritional quality and contaminants", Proc. ANAC Eastern Nutrition Conference (2004)
- Brooks, P. H., "New developments in liquid feeding", J. Pig, 36, pp.43~64 (1996)
- Brumm, M. C., "Impact of feeders and drinker devices on pig performance, water use, and manure volume", Swine Health Prod, 8, pp.51~57 (2000)
- Canibe, J., "Fermented and nonfermented liquid feed to growing pigs: effects on aspects of gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance", J. Anim. Sci, 81, pp.2019~2031 (2003)
- Choct, M., "Effect of particle size, processing and dry or liquid feeding on performance of piglets", Crop Pasture Sci, 55, pp.237~245 (2004)
- Deprez, P., "Liquid versus dry feeding in weaned piglets: the influence on small intestinal morphology", J. Vet. Med, B34, pp.254~259 (1987)
- Funderburke, D. W., "The effects of postweaning streassors on pig weight change, blood, liver and digestive tract characteristics", J. Anim Sci, 68, pp.155~162 (1990)
- Fenton, T. W., "An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in feed and feces", Can. J. Anim. Sci, 59, pp.631~663 (1979)
- Gonyou, H. W., "Effects of eating space and availability of water in feeders on productivity and eating behavior of grower", fi nisher pigs, 2000, pp.78, 865~870
- Hurst, D., "Effect of liquid feeding at different water-to-feed ratios on the growth performance of growing–finishing pigs", Animal, 2, pp.1297~1302 (2008)
- Jensen, B. B., "Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition", pp.107~126 (1998), Nottingham University Press
- Kornegay, E. T., "Wet versus dry diets for weaned pigs", J. Anim. Sci, 52, pp.14~17 (1981)
- Lawlor, P. G., "Effect of liquid feeding weaned pigs on growth performance to harvest", J. Anim. Sci, 80, pp.1725~1735 (2002)
- Li, Y. Z., "Water intake and wastage at nipple drinkers by growing-finishing pigs", J. Anim. Sci, 83, pp.1413~1422 (2005)
- Longland, A. C., "In vitro digestion for pigs and poultry", pp.3~ (1991), CAB International
- Lyberg, K., "Influence of soaking, fermentation and phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility in pigs offered a grower diet based on wheat and barley", Anim. Sci, 82, pp.853~858 (2006)
- Magowan, E., "The effect of feeder type and change of feeder type on growing and finishing pig performance and behavior", Anim. Feed Sci. Tech, 142, pp.133~143 (2008)
- Mroz, Z., "Water in pig nutrition: Physiology, allowances and environmental implications", Nutr. Res. Rev, 8, pp.137~164 (1995)
- NRC, "Nutrient Requirements of Swine" (2012), National. Academic. Press
- Partridge, G. G., "Automated wet feeding of weaner pigs versus conventional dry diet feeding: effects on growth rate and food consumption", Anim. Prod, 54, pp.484~ (1992)
- Patience, J. F., "Nutritional and physiological responses of growing pigs exposed to a diurnal pattern of heat stress", Livest. Prod. Sci, 96, pp.205~214 (2005)
- Pedersen, C., "Effect of fermentation in a liquid diet on nitrogen metabolism in growing pigs: Progress in Research on Energy and Protein Metabolism", International Symposium, Rostock-Warnemunde, pp.641~644 (2003)
- Pedersen, C., "Effects of liquid and fermented liquid feeding on energy, dry matter, protein and phosphorus digestibility by growing pigs", Livst. Sci, 134, pp.59~61 (2010)
- Pomar, C., "Applying precision feeding techniques in growing-finishing pig operations", R. Bras. Zootec, 38, pp.226~237 (2009)
- SAS, "SAS Software for PC. Release 9.3" (2012), SAS Institute. Ins
- Shaw, M. I., "Effect of diet composition on water consumption in growing pigs", J. Anim. Sci, 84, pp.3123~3132 (2006)
- Thacker, P. A., "Nutritional requirements of early weaned pigs: A review", Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci, 12, pp.976~987 (1999)
- Yang, T. S., "Effects of food on drinking behaviour of growing pigs", Appl. Anim. Ethol, 7, pp.259~270 (1981)