Effects of feed form and particle size on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gastric health in growing-finishing pigs
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed processing and particle size on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gastric health in growing-finishing pigs.Methods: A total of 360 growing pigs (22.64±0.014 kg initial body weight [BW]) were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments with 6 replicates by BW and sex, and 10 pigs were housed in one pen in a randomized complete block design. The BW and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. For the digestibility trial, a total of 24 barrows with an initial BW of 33.65±0.372 kg were split into 6 treatments with a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were designed by a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments based on two main factors, particle size (600, 750, 900 μm) and feed form (mash and pellet) of diet. Experimental diets were formulated to contain the requirements of the NRC (2012).Results: The BW and average daily gain were not changed by dietary treatments, and the feed intake of finishing pigs (wks 6 to 12) was increased when the pigs were fed a mash diet (p<0.05). For the overall period, the feed efficiency of pigs was improved with the pellet diet (p<0.01) and reduced particle size (p<0.05). The pellet diet had effects on increasing crude fat digestibility (p<0.01) relative to a mash diet, but there was no considerable change in dry matter and crude protein digestibilities by dietary treatments. In the evaluation of gastric health, a trend for an increased incidence of keratinization in the esophageal region was observed as particle size decreased (p = 0.07).Conclusion: Feed efficiency could be improved by pellet diet and reduced particle size. Nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gastric health were not affected by feed form, and particle size ranged from 600 to 900 μm.
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed processing and particle size on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gastric health in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 360 growing pigs (22.64±0.014 kg initial body weight [BW]) were allocated to 1 of 6 treatments with 6 replicates by BW and sex, and 10 pigs were housed in one pen in a randomized complete block design. The BW and feed intake were recorded to calculate growth performance. For the digestibility trial, a total of 24 barrows with an initial BW of 33.65±0.372 kg were split into 6 treatments with a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were designed by a 2×3 factorial arrangement of treatments based on two main factors, particle size (600, 750, 900 μm) and feed form (mash and pellet) of diet. Experimental diets were formulated to contain the requirements of the NRC (2012). Results: The BW and average daily gain were not changed by dietary treatments, and the feed intake of finishing pigs (wks 6 to 12) was increased when the pigs were fed a mash diet (p<0.05). For the overall period, the feed efficiency of pigs was improved with the pellet diet (p<0.01) and reduced particle size (p<0.05). The pellet diet had effects on increasing crude fat digestibility (p<0.01) relative to a mash diet, but there was no considerable change in dry matter and crude protein digestibilities by dietary treatments. In the evaluation of gastric health, a trend for an increased incidence of keratinization in the esophageal region was observed as particle size decreased (p = 0.07). Conclusion: Feed efficiency could be improved by pellet diet and reduced particle size. Nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gastric health were not affected by feed form, and particle size ranged from 600 to 900 μm.
참고문헌 (34)
- Attia YA, "Effect of phytase with or without multienzyme supplementation on performance and nutrient digestibility of young broiler chicks fed mash or crumble diets", Ital J Anim Sci, 11, pp.e56~ (2012)[DOI]
- Attia YA, "Effect of feed form, pellet diameter and enzymes supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler during days 21-37 of age", Arch Anim Breed, 57, pp.34~ (2014)[DOI]
- Mavromichalis I, "Enzyme supplementation and particle size of wheat in diets for nursery and finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 78, pp.3086~3095 (2000)[DOI]
- Rojas OJ, "Effects of reducing the particle size of corn grain on the concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy and on the digestibility of energy and nutrients in corn grain fed to growing pigs", Livest Sci, 181, pp.187~193 (2015)[DOI]
- Kim JC, "A comparison of waxy versus non-waxy wheats in diets for weaner pigs : effects of particle size, enzyme supplementation, and collection day on total tract apparent digestibility and pig performance", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 120, pp.51~65 (2005)[DOI]
- Oryschak MA, "Effect of dietary particle size and carbohydrase and", or phytase supplementation on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of grower pigs, 2002, pp.82, 533~540
- Mahan DC, "Influence of various nutritional factors and physical form of feed on esophagogastric ulcers in swine", J Anim Sci, 25, pp.1019~1023 (1966)[DOI]
- Maxwell CV, "Effect of dietary particle size on lesion development and on the contents of various regions of the swine stomach", J Anim Sci, 30, pp.911~922 (1970)[DOI]
- Rojas OJ, "Processing of ingredients and diets and effects on nutritional value for pigs", J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 8, pp.48~ (2017)[DOI]
- Jensen AH, "Effect of pelleting diets and dietary components on the performance of young pigs", J Anim Sci, 24, pp.392~397 (1965)[DOI]
- Lewis LL, "Effects of pelleting conditioner retention time on nursery pig growth performance", J Anim Sci, 93, pp.1098~1102 (2015)[DOI]
- Ulens T, "Effect of grinding intensity and pelleting of the diet on indoor particulate matter concentrations and growth performance of weanling pigs", J Anim Sci, 93, pp.627~636 (2015)[DOI]
- Steidinger MU, "Effects of pelleting and pellet conditioning temperatures on weanling pig performance", J Anim Sci, 78, pp.3014~3018 (2000)[DOI]
- Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine, National Research Council, "Nutrient requirements of swine" (2012), National Academy Press
- Latimer GW, "Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 19th ed", AOAC International, ~ (2012)
- De Jong J, "Feed processing challenges facing the swine industry", pp.2015
- Nir I, "Effect of particle size on performance : 3. Grinding pelleting interactions", Poult Sci, 74, pp.771~783 (1995)[DOI]
- "Effects of meal or pellet diet form on finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics" (2009)[URL]
- Patience JF, "Feed efficiency in swine" (2012), Wageningen Academic Publishers
- Seerley RW, "Effect of particle size of wheat on performance of nursery, growing and finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 66, pp.2484~2489 (1988)[DOI]
- Paulk CB, "Effects of an abrupt change between diet form on growth performance of finishing pigs", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 211, pp.132~136 (2016)[DOI]
- Goodband RD, "The effect of barley particle size on starter and finishing pig performance", J Anim Sci, 65, pp.317~ (1987)
- Ohh SJ, "Effect of particle size of corn and sorghum grain on performance and digestibility of nutrients for weaned pigs", J Anim Sci, 57(Suppl 1), pp.260~ (1983)
- Wondra KJ, "Effects of particle size and pelleting on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and stomach morphology in finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 73, pp.757~763 (1995)[DOI]
- Overholt MF, "Effects of pelleting diets without or with distillers’ dried grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and gastrointestinal weights of growing-finishing barrows and gilts", J Anim Sci, 94, pp.2172~2183 (2016)[DOI]
- Rojas OJ, "Effects of pelleting, extrusion, or extrusion and pelleting on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets containing different levels of fiber and fed to growing pigs", J Anim Sci, 94, pp.1951~1960 (2016)[DOI]
- Schell TC, "The effect of pellet quality on growth performance of grower pigs", J Anim Sci, 76(Suppl 1), pp.185~ (1998)
- Attia YA, "Effect of feed form, pellet diameter and enzymes supplementation on carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood plasma constituents and stress indicators of broilers", Arch Anim Breed, 57, pp.30~ (2014)[DOI]
- Wondra KJ, "Reducing particle size of corn in lactation diets from 1, 200 to 400 micrometers improves sow and litter performance", J Anim Sci, 73, pp.421~426 (1995)[DOI]
- Amaral NO, "Influence of maize particle size on the kinetics of starch digestion in the small intestine of growing pigs", Anim Prod Sci, 55, pp.1250~1254 (2015)[DOI]
- Appel WB, "Feed manufacturing technology", pp.151~152 (1994), American Feed Industry Association Inc
- Kovalczyk T, "Etiologic factors of gastric ulcers in swine", Am J Vet Res, 30, pp.393~400 (1969)
- Ramis G, "Influence of farm size on the prevalence of oesophagogastric lesions in pigs at slaughter in south-east Spain", Vet Rec, 155, pp.210~213 (2004)[DOI]
- Fasting, transportation, and diet particle size influence development of stomach ulceration in pigs, "Lawrence BV", Purdue University, ~ (1996)