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여성운동과 과학 실천: 과학 수행자의 성별과 과학 실천의 성별 정치

Women’s Movements and Science Practice

하정옥
여성연구소 (Women's Studies Center, Pusan National University)|2017.06|여성학연구 (PNU Journals of Women's Studies)|제27권 제2호|pp. 67-93|DOI 10.22772/pnujws.27.2.201706.67

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참고문헌

키워드

과학임상연구science사회운동clinical researchwomen’s health movementSocial movement1990 GAO reportfeminist science여성건강운동1990년 GAO 보고서페미니스트 과학

초록

이 연구는 1990년을 전후하여 미국에서 일었던 임상연구에서의 여성 배제를 둘러싼 논쟁과 정책 변화를 사례로 하여 사회운동, 특히 여성운동이 보건의료분야에서의 지식 생산 실천을 변화시켰음을 분석한다. 일반적으로 과학실천은 사회적 가치와 무관하다고 간주되며 특히 과학은 페미니스트 분석에 가장 저항적인 분야였다. 이 연구에서 분석한 바는 1990년을 전후로 한 임상연구의 변화가, 1970년대의 여성운동으로 보건의료 분야에 여성들이 전문가로서 진출하고 여성건강운동이 기존의 보건의료 지식에 저항하면서 기존에 문제로서 간주되지 않았던 것을 새로이 문제로 규정하고 제도적 변화를 비롯한 과학실천 변화를 이끌어낸 결과라는 것이다. 최근 한국에서도 과학 분야에서 젠더 혁신이 제기되고 있는데 이 또한 한국에서의 1990년대 여성주의의 확산과 연동해서 분석해야 할 것이다.

Abstract

Have social movements changed the practice of science? This article examine the relations between social movements and science practice. Analyzing the case of changing policies on clinical research and women subjects around 1990 in the USA shows that social movements, especially feminist movements have transformed the practice of knowledge production in the medical and health field. The issue of exclusion of women subjects also promoted making issues of race or age. It takes for granted that science practices have nothing to do with the social values, and moreover science has been the most defensive field against feminist arguments. It turns out that the changes on clinical researches around 1990 came from policy reform provoked by women experts who made their way to the medial and health field following by women’s health movements in the 1970s. In recent years, Korea also faced the gendered innovation issue in the science and engineering field, which could be analysed in relation to the feminist movement in the 1990s.

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