지식서비스 기업과 사용자 기업간 지식전이 가능성에 관한 이론적 모형
A Theoretical Model of Knowledge Transferability between Knowledge Service Firms and Client Firms
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기업들의 가치창출 활동에 있어 연구개발, 마케팅, 재무 등의 지식서비스 분야의 공헌도가 제조부문 보다 높아지고 지식서비스를 제공하는 전문기업들이 증가하면서 이들 지식서비스 기업과 사용자 기업간의 지식전이에 대한 관심 또한 크게 높아지고있다. 왜냐하면 지식서비스기업의 지식이 얼마나 사용자 기업에게 잘 전달되어 의미있게 활용되느냐가 사용자기업의 생산성을높이고 지식서비스기업의 서비스 질을 높이는데 많은 영향을 주기 때문이다. 본 연구는 현재 기업 경쟁력에 있어 중요한 이슈가되고 있음에도 기존의 연구들이 무시해온 조직간 지식전이 문제를 다루기 위한 이론적 모형을 제시하고 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 적합 구조화 이론에 기반하여 지식 서비스 기업들과 사용자 기업의 협력시 지식 서비스 기업들로부터 사용자 기업으로의지식 전이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 찾아내고 이들간의 관계를 지식전이 가능성을 중심으로 이론화하였다. 본 연구에서는 지식의 전이 가능성에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 지식의 구조적 특성(지식의 모듈화 정도), 조직 및 업무 특성(기능부서의 이질성,위계적 분업구조, 기술적 유연성, 비지니스 프로세스 융통성), 그리고 기능부서의 내부 환경(결합역량과 흡수역량)이라는 세가지 형태로 그룹화하고 이들이 지식 전이 가능성에 미치는 영향에 대해 명제형태로 정리해 실증적 논의가 가능하도록 했다. 이분야에 대한 이론적 실증적 향후 연구들은 지식 기반 경제에서 기업의 경쟁력에 결정적인 영향을 주는 기업의 지식 창출과 활용의 한 과정으로 기업간 지식의 전이 과정에 대한 이해를 높여 기업들의 경쟁력 강화에 기여하게 될 것이다.
Abstract
ater than that of manufacturing itself and the number of specialized knowledge service firms increases. Accordingly,a lot of interest is given to knowledge transfer between knowledge service firms and customer firms. This is mainly because the extent to which knowledge is transferred and utilized affects the productivity of client firms as well as the service quality of knowledge service firms. This study centers on issues of knowledge transfer between business firms to provide a theoretical framework, which has been ignored regardless of its importance for competitive advantage. In so doing, this study based on the adaptive structuration theory identifies the factors influencing knowledge transfer from knowledge service firms and client firms during the collaboration to theorize the relationship between the factors. This study first categorizes the factors affecting knowledge transfer into knowledge structure (knowledge modulization),organization and task characteristics (heterogeneity of functional teams, hierarchical division of labor, technical flexibility, negotiability in business process), and internal characteristics of functional teams (combinative capability and absorptive capacity). It then provides propositions on their impact on knowledge transferability to lead to empirical examinations. The future studies in this area will provide a solid base for the competitive advantage of firms by increasing the understanding of knowledge transfer as the process of knowledge creation and utilization.
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