학교상담자들이 직면하는 윤리적 갈등과 대처방법 분석
An Analysis of the School Counselor's Ethical Dilemmas and Coping Strategies
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학교상담자들은 일반상담자에 비해 더 자주 윤리적 갈등에 직면하게 된다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국적인 상황에서 학교상담자들이 주로 겪고 있는 윤리적 갈등들은 어떤 것들이 있는지를 분석하고, 각 윤리적 갈등 상황에서 실제로 어떻게 대처하고 있는지를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 윤리적 갈등상황 16개와 그 대처방법으로 구성된 ‘학교상담자 윤리갈등과 대처에 관한 질문지’를 개발하여 학교상담자 229명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 이 연구에 참여한 학교상담자들의 50% 이상이 직면하는 주요 윤리적 갈등으로는 ‘학교상담자와 내담학생 간의 가치관 갈등’, ‘내담학생의 욕구 존중과 자율성 보장’이었으며, 40% 이상의 비교적 높은 비율을 보이는 윤리적 갈등으로는 ‘상담자 자격유지를 위한 연수와 훈련의 어려움’, ‘동료와 관리자로부터의 상담내용 공개 요청’, ‘다른 상담자의 윤리 위반 발견’, ‘내담 학생이 학대를 받고 있는 상황’이었다. 학교상담자들이 직면하는 윤리적 갈등은 각 학교급별로 공통적으로 겪고 있는 부분도 있으나 차별적인 측면들이 발견되었다. 윤리적 갈등에 대한 대처방법 면에서는 ‘학교상담자와 내담학생 간의 가치관․욕구가 달라 생기는 갈등’의 경우에는 윤리강령에 따라 비교적 바람직한 대처를 하고 있으나 나머지 윤리적 갈등들에 대해서는 윤리강령 보다는 학교상담자들의 판단에 의지하는 경우가 많았다. 우리나라 학교상담자들이 겪는 주요한 윤리적 갈등과 대처방법의 특징적인 부분들을 논하고 다문화적인 윤리결정의 필요성에 대해 제언하였다.
Abstract
School counselors usually face ethical dilemmas more frequently than any other counselors in different areas. The situations causing ethical dilemmas are varied according to school level and social․cultural settings. This study was conducted to explore the current states of school counselors' common ethical dilemmas and of the way to cope with them. The School Counselor's Ethical Dilemmas and Responses Questionnaire' consisting of 16 questions was developed and administered to 229 school counselors in elementary, middle, and high schools over the country. As results, over 50% of the respondents reported that they were facing the two major ethical dilemmas related with 'ensuring the right to self-direction and self-development' and 'respecting counselee's values, lifestyles, plans, decisions, and beliefs. Over 40% of the respondents were reportedly facing the ethical dilemmas regarding 'responsibilities to self and maintenance of standards', 'professional relationships with faculty, staff, and administration', 'serious doubt as to the ethical behavior of colleagues', and 'legal responsibility to report child abuse'. While some ethical dilemmas turned out to be common to all respondents, differences were found in academic level. As for the ways to deal with the ethical dilemmas, school counselors dealt with the major ethical dilemmas in accordance with the ethical code, but in the other dilemmas they mainly depended on their professional judgements. The predominant features of Korean school counselors' ethical dilemmas and coping strategies were discussed and the necessity of cross cultural decision-making was suggested. The results of this study would be beneficial to school counselor educators and supervisors in preparing training programs for school counselors.
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