본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

The 2018 Reform of the China Coast Guard: Logic, Development and Implications

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

In June 2018, the Chinese government initiated a new round of reforms to reshufe the leadership of the China Coast Guard (CCG) so as to better administer the country’s blue territory. In contrast to the 2013 structural reform of the Chinese government which created the CCG and made it part of the State Oceanic Administration, a sub-ministerial organ of the Chinese State Council, the 2018 reform placed the agency under direct command of the Communist Party’s Central Military Commission. This paper argues that the CCG today has been a formidable maritime giant and acquired a fair ability to coordinate its patrol operations with other agencies in recent years. In particular, the maritime law enforcement force has been made more militarized given its close association with the Chinese Navy. Nonetheless, despite the notable performance the CCG has made, it still faces problems of unclear legal status and weak airborne surveillance capabilities, keeping its institutional reform far from full completion. Moreover, a more powerful coast guard force can on the one hand facilitate Beijing’s aim to become a great maritime power but on the other hand lead to more security challenges as a harsher maritime contest between China and its strategic competitors is likely to be witnessed in the near future.

Abstract

In June 2018, the Chinese government initiated a new round of reforms to reshufe the leadership of the China Coast Guard (CCG) so as to better administer the country’s blue territory. In contrast to the 2013 structural reform of the Chinese government which created the CCG and made it part of the State Oceanic Administration, a sub-ministerial organ of the Chinese State Council, the 2018 reform placed the agency under direct command of the Communist Party’s Central Military Commission. This paper argues that the CCG today has been a formidable maritime giant and acquired a fair ability to coordinate its patrol operations with other agencies in recent years. In particular, the maritime law enforcement force has been made more militarized given its close association with the Chinese Navy. Nonetheless, despite the notable performance the CCG has made, it still faces problems of unclear legal status and weak airborne surveillance capabilities, keeping its institutional reform far from full completion. Moreover, a more powerful coast guard force can on the one hand facilitate Beijing’s aim to become a great maritime power but on the other hand lead to more security challenges as a harsher maritime contest between China and its strategic competitors is likely to be witnessed in the near future.

참고문헌 (72)

  1. Lyle J. Goldstein, "Five Dragons Stirring Up the Sea: Challenge and Opportunity in China’s Improving Maritime Law Enforcement Capabilities" (2010), U.S. Naval War College
  2. Linda Jakobson, "China’s Unpredictable Maritime Security Actors", Lowy Institute for International Policy, ~ (2014)
  3. "China to Restructure Oceanic Administration, Enhance Maritime Law Enforcement" (2013)[URL]
  4. "If the China Coast Guard Aims to Show China’s Muscles, the China Maritime Safety Administration Should Communicate and Show China’s Soft Power" (2014)[URL]
  5. "The Three Provisions of the Ministry of Natural Resources Determined" (2018)[URL]
  6. "Enforcement Powers of Coast Guard Expanded" (2018)[URL]
  7. "China’s Military to Lead Coast Guard to Better Defend Sovereignty" (2018)[URL]
  8. "U.S. Warns China on Aggressive Acts by Fishing Boats and Coast Guard" (2019)[URL]
  9. "The U.S. Navy’s Shifting View of China’s Coast Guard and Maritime Militia" (2019)[URL]
  10. Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Development Involving the People’s Republic of China, 2019, "United States Department of Defense", Office of the Secretary of Defense, ~ (2019)
  11. "China Welcomes Its Newest Armed Force: The Coast Guard" (2018)[URL]
  12. "Hu Calls for Efforts to Build China into Maritime Power" (2012)[URL]
  13. "President Xi Jinping Vowed to Build China into a Maritime Power on Several Occasions" (2018)[URL]
  14. "Pictures of First China-Made Aircraft Carrier ‘Type 001A’ as Sea Trials Begin" (2018)[URL]
  15. Ma Baocheng, "Forty Years of China’s Administrative Reform: Achievements and Prospect", Reform of Administrative Management, (10), pp.29~34 (2018)
  16. Xi Jinping and PLA Transformation through Reforms, "You Ji", RSIS, 17~, pp.RSIS Working Paper, no. 313 (2018)
  17. "Deepening Reform of Party and State Institutions" (2018)[URL]
  18. Bates Gill, "China Matters", pp.151~ (2017), La Trobe University Press
  19. Gu Quan, "Maritime Law Enforcement Agencies and Stability in East Asia: A Summary of the Second Round of Meeting of the Fourth Sino–Japanese East China Sea Maritime Security Dialogue", Asia–Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs, (1), pp.107~ (2019)
  20. "Unveiling One Identical Institution under Two Different Names" (2013)[URL]
  21. Qiu Zhaobin, "Decoding and Reconstructing Maritime Law Enforcement System", Journal of People’s Public Security University of China, Social Science Edition, (1), pp.135~136 (2016)
  22. State Oceanic Administration, "China’s Ocean Development Report, 2015", pp.78~79 (2015), Ocean Press
  23. Li Youbiao, "A Discussion on the Functionary Relations between SOA, CCG and MPS", Journal of the Armed Police Academy, (11), pp.7~ (2016)
  24. Shi Chunlin, "New Questions and Strategists after the Integration of China’s Maritime Management and Law Enforcement Forces", China Soft Science, (11), pp.4~ (2014)
  25. Guo Qian, "Comparison of Ocean Management Agencies between China and the United States", The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute, 15(1), pp.108~ (2014)
  26. "The Three Provisions of the State Oceanic Administration Determined" (2013)[URL]
  27. Wang Dapeng, "Discussion on the Division of Authority and Responsibility between China Coast Guard and China MSA during the Reform of Oceanic Administrative System", Hebei Law Science, (8), pp.110~ (2015)
  28. "Wang Feng: We Restructured the State Oceanic Administration, Not Creating a New Agency" (2013)[URL]
  29. "The Militarization of China’s Coast Guard" (2014)[URL]
  30. "China’s Coast Guard Force Re-established" (2018)[URL]
  31. "Japanese Media: The China Coast Guard Outnumbers Japan’s Coast Guard Force" (2016)[URL]
  32. Andrew Erickson, "Surging Second Sea Force: China’s Maritime Law Enforcement Forces, Capabilities, and Future in the Gray Zone and Beyond", Naval War College Review, 72(2) (2019)
  33. "A CCG–MSA Joint Law Enforcement on to Illegal Sandstone Quarrying in Pearl River Delta" (2016)[URL]
  34. "The CCG Liaoning Corp and the MSA Dalian Branch Office Jointly Undertake Crime-fighting Operations at Sea" (2016)[URL]
  35. "Chinese Ocean E-stations Deployed to the South China Sea" (2018)[URL]
  36. Conor Kennedy, "The Struggle for Blue Territory", The RUSI Journal, 163(5), pp.11~ (2018)
  37. State Oceanic Administration, "China’s Ocean Development Report, 2017", pp.59~ (2017), Ocean Press
  38. "Japanese Media Reveals the True Story Behind the Chinese Fishing Vessels in the Diaoyu Islands" (2016)[URL]
  39. Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Development Involving the People’s Republic of China, 2018, "United States Department of Defense", Office of the Secretary of Defense, 72~ (2018)
  40. "Will the U.S. Coast Guard Enter the South China Sea Grey Zone?" (2019)[URL]
  41. "Rear Admiral Wang Zhongcai Appointed as the First CCG Commander" (2018)[URL]
  42. "The 26th Batch of PLAN Escort Fleet Returned, Braking New Records" (2017)[URL]
  43. "The People’s Armed Police Maritime Police Academy Officially Online" (2018)[URL]
  44. "Changes in China’s Coast Guard" (2019)[URL]
  45. Mike Chia-Yu Huang, "China’s 2013 Reform of Maritime Law Enforcement: Progress and Unsolved Issues", The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 28(4), pp.545~562 (2016), 한국국방연구원[DOI]
  46. Li Lin, "On the Shortcomings and Improvement of the Reform of the China Coast Guard", Legal System and Society, (27), pp.151~ (2016)
  47. "Unprecedented Reform of the People’s Armed Police" (2018)[URL]
  48. "Combing the Reform of the People’s Armed Police" (2017)[URL]
  49. Xu Tian, "The Time of Putting the Military and the Police Together Is Over: The Army Is the Army, the Police Are the Police, and the People Are the People", China Information Weekly, (828) (2017)
  50. Li Lin, "Exploration on the Main Problems to be Solved by the China Coast Guard", Journal of China Maritime Police Academy, (4), pp.3~ (2019)
  51. "A Correct Understanding of the Newly Structured China Coast Guard Is of Great Urgent" (2018)[URL]
  52. Dong Jiawei, "Analysis of Way of China’s Maritime Law Enforcement System Reconstruction", Journal of China Maritime Police Academy, (2), pp.13~ (2018)
  53. Yu Zhirong, "China’s Enactment of the Basic Law of the Sea Should Learn from the Japanese Model", Chinese Journal of Maritime Law, 28(1), pp.75~ (2017)
  54. Sarah Lohschelder, "Chinese Domestic Law in the South China Sea", RSIS New Perspectives in Foreign Policy, (13), pp.34~ (2017)
  55. Jin Yongming, "Making Basic Laws: A Good Choice for Managing Maritime Issues", Procuratorate Daily, 3~ (2013)
  56. Wang Lili, "The Maritime Law Enforcement System and Path Analysis", Proceedings of China Pacific Association Maritime Law Enforcement Studies Branch 2016 Annual Conference, pp.26~ (2017), China Pacific Association Maritime Law Enforcement Studies Branch
  57. "Operational Assets"[URL]
  58. "China Coast Guard and Marine Surveillance Aviation"[URL]
  59. "Brochure of Japan Coast Guard" (2019)[URL]
  60. Ryan D. Martinson, "Curing China’s Elephantiasis of the Fleet", China Brief, 15(10), pp.6~9 (2015)
  61. Wang Jie, "Research on the Affiliation of China Maritime Law Enforcement Agencies", China Soft Science, (9), pp.10~ (2015)
  62. State Oceanic Administration, "China’s Ocean Development Report, 2016", pp.69~70 (2016), Ocean Press
  63. "With a 30m Wingspan and 2,450 km Range, This Surveillance Plane Can Cover the Entire South China Sea" (2017)[URL]
  64. James Char, "Reshaping the People’s Liberation Army Since the 18th Party Congress: Politics, Policymaking, and Professionalism", Journal of Strategic Studies, 39(5-6), pp.601~602 (2016)
  65. Timothy R. Heath, "The Consolidation of Political Power in China under Xi Jinping: Implications for the PLA and Domestic Security Force", pp.7~8 (2019), RAND
  66. "China’s Military Strategy 2015"[URL]
  67. "China’s IOR Strategy" (2017)[URL]
  68. Hu Bo, "China’s Sea Power in the Post Mahan Era", pp.190~191 (2018), Ocean Press
  69. "U.S. Navy, Coast Guard Ships Pass through Strategic Taiwan Strait" (2019)[URL]
  70. "Why Did a Coast Guard Cutter Take a Jab at China?" (2019)[URL]
  71. "U.S. Coastguard to Play Bigger Role in Curbing Beijing’s Ambitions in the South China Sea" (2019)[URL]
  72. "Japan Alarmed by Change in Status of China Coast Guard" (2018)[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)