위기청소년의 자살사고 보고 여부에 따른 MMPI-A와 로샤검사의 반응 특성에 관한 연구
A study on the response of MMPI-A and Rorschach test among at-risk adolescents with suicidal ideation
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 위기청소년들 중 자살사고의 가능성이 있는 청소년을 변별하기 위한 심리검사의 반응 특징을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 인천광역시 청소년상담복지센터에 의뢰된 위기청소년을 대상으로 하여 대표적인 자기보고식검사인 MMPI-A와 투사검사인 로샤검사를 실시하였고, 자살사고 보고 여부에 따라 50명의 자살사고 보고집단, 32명의 자살사고 비보고집단으로 나누어 집단 간의 반응 차이를 비교하였다. 특히, MMPI-A의 각 하위임상 척도의 점수와 로샤검사의 기호를 비롯하여 Exner(2003)의 자살군집(S-CON)과 Silberg와 Armstrong(1992)의 청소년을 위한 로샤자살지표(RSI)의 유용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 자살사고 보고집단은 자살사고 비보고집단에 비해 MMPI-A의 타당도 척도에서 L, K 척도는 낮고 F 척도가 더 높았고, 임상 척도에서는 Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, Si 척도가 더 높았다. 특히, D 척도가 70T 이상으로 매우 높게 나타났고 Hs, Pt, Sc 척도는 65T 이상으로 임상적으로 유의한 수준으로 높았다. 또한, 로샤 기호 중에서는 인지영역에서는 M, M-, DQ+, 자기지각 영역에서는 3r+(2)/R, (2), Fr+rF, An+Xy, 대인관계 영역에서는 HVI, H, H+(H)+Hd+(Hd), isolate/R이 더 높게 나타났다. 두 집단 간에 S-CON과 RSI의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 위기청소년의 자살 예방을 위해 심리검사를 통한 자살사고의 평가에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하며, 청소년의 성별, 정서적, 행동적 문제의 유형이나 부적응 수준에 따라 분류한 연구가 필요하다는 점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of response to psychological tests in order to identify at-risk adolescents who may have suicidal thoughts. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A), a representative self-report test, and Rorschach test, a projective test, were conducted to at-risk adolescents at the Incheon Youth Counselling and Welfare Center. Specifically, scores of each subclinical scale of MMPI-A, signs and indicators of Rorschach test, the Exner's Suicide-Constellation (S-CON, 2003) and Silberg and Armstrong's Rorschach Suicidal Index (RSI) for youth (1992) were used to identify suicidal ideation. Test results were compared between two groups: one consisted of 50 adolescents with suicidal ideation reported, and the other consisted of 32 adolescents without suicidal ideation reported. Results showed that, compared to the group that did not report suicidal ideation, the scores of the group that reported suicidal ideation were significantly lower on L and K scales and higher on the F scale among MMPI-A validity scales, and were significantly higher on Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, and Si scales among MMPI-A clinical scales. In particular, the score on the D scale in the group that reported suicidal ideation was higher than 70T, and the scores of Hs, Pt, and Sc scales were higher than 65T, which was clinically significant. Also, compared to the group that did not report suicidal ideation, the Rorschach sign of the group that reported suicide ideation was significantly higher on M, M-, and DQ+ in the cognitive section, 3r+(2)/R, (2), Fr+rF, and An+Xy in the self-perception section, and HVI, H, H+(H)+Hd+(Hd), and isolate/R in the interpersonal section. The difference between S-CON and RSI was not significant. In order to prevent suicide in adolescents at risk, it is necessary to follow up on the evaluation of suicidal ideation through psychological tests. It is also needed to identify suicidal ideation according to gender, emotional and behavioral problems, and/or the level of maladjustment.
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