The Conditions for Sanctions Success: A Comparison of the Iranian and North Korean Cases
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Why were economic sanctions able to produce successful political outcomes inIran but not in North Korea during 2006–2015? Experts have argued that sanctionsare not really effective in changing a state’s objectionable policies or behavior. However, such conclusions should not be drawn without a close examination of thecomplex environment under which sanctions are imposed. This paper attempts toidentify the conditions of sanctions success by comparing the economic sanctionsimposed on Iran and North Korea. It begins with a critical assessment of extantevaluations of sanctions imposed on North Korea to abandon its nuclear weaponsprogram. Next, it examines Iran sanctions to identify the factors that facilitatedthe resumption of nuclear talks in 2013 and led to a political agreement in 2015. Subsequently, this is compared with North Korea sanctions to explain why sanctionswere more effective in Iran. Finally, the paper extrapolates the conditions forsanctions success that incorporate the political and economic characteristics ofthe states involved as well as the sanctions policy per se. The paper concludeswith a discussion of the lessons learned.
Abstract
Why were economic sanctions able to produce successful political outcomes inIran but not in North Korea during 2006–2015? Experts have argued that sanctionsare not really effective in changing a state’s objectionable policies or behavior. However, such conclusions should not be drawn without a close examination of thecomplex environment under which sanctions are imposed. This paper attempts toidentify the conditions of sanctions success by comparing the economic sanctionsimposed on Iran and North Korea. It begins with a critical assessment of extantevaluations of sanctions imposed on North Korea to abandon its nuclear weaponsprogram. Next, it examines Iran sanctions to identify the factors that facilitatedthe resumption of nuclear talks in 2013 and led to a political agreement in 2015. Subsequently, this is compared with North Korea sanctions to explain why sanctionswere more effective in Iran. Finally, the paper extrapolates the conditions forsanctions success that incorporate the political and economic characteristics ofthe states involved as well as the sanctions policy per se. The paper concludeswith a discussion of the lessons learned.
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