웨일스의 무형문화유산: 보호정책의 필요성?
The Intangible Cultural Heritage of Wales: a Need for Safeguarding?
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지난 10년간 웨일스 지역에서 마리 루이드의 시행 횟수가 꾸준히 늘었다. 마리 루이드는 말 두개골에 장식을 더한 뒤 막대에 고정시켜 여러 사람이 함께 이 집 저 집 들고 다니며 노래를 부르고 즐기는 전통인데, 다른 나라 같았으면 벌써 무형문화유산으로 지정되었을 것이다. 매년 유네스코 세계무형문화유산 보호협약에 가입하는 국가 숫자는 늘고 있는데, 영국정부는 이 협약에 대해 미온적 입장을 취하고 있어 웨일스를 포함한 영국 전역에서 전통문화가 무형문화유산으로 지정, 보호되는 경우를 보기 힘들다. 그렇다면 웨일스에서 무형문화유산을 전혀 찾아볼 수 없다는 뜻일까? 이 논문은 웨일스에 존재하는 무형문화유산은 무엇인지, 여타 지역 무형문화유산에서 발견되는 취약점이 웨일스의 무형문화유산에서도 나타나는지 살펴본다. 그리하여 웨일스의무형문화유산이 현대 웨일스 문화 속에 여전히 살아 숨쉬는 주요한 요소이며, 영국의 협약 가입이 단순히 웨일스만의 요구가 아닌 필수불가결한 조치로 인식되어야 함을 부각시키려 한다.
Abstract
In the last decade, appearances of the Mari Lwyd have steadily increased during winter time in Wales. A tradition based around the decoration of a horse’s skull, regulated competitive verse and song, and community integration, would in many other parts of the world be acknowledged and celebrated as intangible cultural heritage. Yet, while the number of nations to have ratified the UNESCO Convention on the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage continues to grow on an annual basis, no such examples can be found in Wales however, or any other part of the United Kingdom, due to a continuing position of reticence from the Westminster government toward the convention. Does this lack of ratification indicate that Wales is not home to any examples of intangible cultural heritage? This article explores the notion of whether Wales is home to any valid forms of intangible cultural heritage, before challenging whether the same vulnerability seen in many of the international examples of intangible heritage can be illustrated in Wales. Ultimately this will argue that Welsh intangible cultural heritage is an important, living component of contemporary Welsh culture, and that UK ratification of the treaty, rather than being something that might be desired in Wales, should in fact be considered as a necessity.
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