제2차 세계대전기 김원봉의 임시정부 참여와 통합임정 체제 내의 동향

Abstract

In this paper, I tried to recompose Kim, Wonbong’s political move who participated in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea against the backdrop of the international political situation, that is, the international situations during World War II and a Chinese policy change on Korean independence movement, and the struggle and coexistence of the left-wing and right-wing nationalist camps which was unfold in Chungching, the capital city of China in a state of war. As the members of Joseoneuiyongdae (Corps for national independence organized by the Joseon National Revolutionary Party) moved to Hwabook area from the end of 1940 to the first half of 1941 and the Chinese government strengthened its anti-communist policy caused by the Southern Anhui Incident in January, 1941, and the probability of the Chinese government approval of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea became high in the autumn of 1941, the National Revolutionary Party and Kim, Wonbong came to participate in the Provisional Government. His participation in the Korean Independence Army was furthered by the mediation and pressure of the Chinese government, however, under the command system of the Korean Independence Army, that is, from the commander in chief to the leader (president) of the Provisional Government, his role and status could not but be limited. As a member of the Interim National Assembly, he considered the Provisional Government as the pivotal organization for revolution and emphasized its status as the unified and representative organization of independence movement forces. In spite that he had to play the role of the party out of office and experienced the sense of relative deprivation and frustration caused by his inferiority in the practical dynamics of the unified system of the Provisional Government, it is estimated that he tried to hold fast to the great cause of unity centered on the Provisional Government. As the system of the Provisional Government changed to “leader (president)－vice-leader (vice president)” on the 24th of April, 1944, he took office as the defense minister, however, his leadership was limited as appeared in the fact that the negotiation with British troops about the additional dispatch of the Korean Independence Army propelled by the Ministry of Defense fell through by the objection of the General Headquarters of the Korean Independence Army. In the course of independence movement he formulated and the plan of nation-building, he groped the course of Korean independence movement on the level of international anti-fascist joint struggle over the frame of the Korean peninsula and the Korean people, and tried to overcome the constraint of Korean independence movement through the alliance with China in the anti-Japanese war. From the viewpoint of right-wing nationalists, it was true that his struggle career against Japanese imperialism was relatively left leaning. Since the establishment of the National Revolutionary Party in 1935, there were tracks indicating his inclination to the left in his struggle career against Japan when the domestic communists from the Joseon Comminist Party participated in the National Revolutionary Party. Though they left for the anti-Japanese base of the Chinese Communist Party in Yenan from the end of 1940, the bridle which covered him with communism was not taken off and weighed him down even after his joining the Provisional Government. It seems that jealousy of McCarthyism toward him intensified against the backdrop of international political situation during World War II and the Chinese reinforcement of an anti-Communist line as the unified Provisional Government took up political hegemony. And the fact that he was judged from the viewpoint of the right-wing nationalists was ignored. In addition, the aspect that an established objection to him for a long time under the system of the division of Korea into south and north after Korea’s liberation became his image should not be ignored. From the viewpoint of conservatives, less conservative value seems to be relatively progressive, however, progressives often attribute what can not reach their standard to a conservative one. Thus from his anti-Japanese career, we can see that even though the two groups shared common values of the development of history and society, they would move down the road of hostility toward the other party.