동유럽의 체제전환-유럽통합 관계에 대한 연구
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이 글의 목적은 1989년 혁명이후 유럽연합에 통합하기까지 중·동유럽국가들의 변화를 이끌어 온 체제전환과 유럽통합이라는 두 개의 큰 과정이 어떻게 상호 작용해왔는지 그 상관성과 역동성을 파악해보는 것이다. 이를 위해 중·동유럽의 체제전환/유럽화 시대를 두 과정의 진행 단계에 따라 (1)구체제와의 단절, (2)체제전환의 공고화/EU가입의 명시화, (3)유럽에의 진입 등의 세 시기로 구분하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론이 도출되었다. 첫째, 중·동유럽의 많은 국가들에서 EU에의 통합은 진행되고 있는 체제변화 과정의 마지막 단계로 인식되었다. 둘째, 체제전환의 유형('중유럽형'과 '발칸형')에 따라 EU와의 관계 및 통합 전망이 구분되는 경향을 확인하였다. 셋째, 유럽에의 통합은 모든 동유럽 국가들내에서 변화의 자극제이자 동력으로 작용하였으며 EU가입 전망이 가시화면서 이들 사이에 정치, 경제, 제도적 측면에서 일정한 수렴 현상이 일어났다. 넷째, 그럼에도 불구하고 중·동유럽 국가들 사이에 체제전환 과정의 차별화 현상도 지속되었으며 이는 EU가입에 대한 다양한 입장을 낳았다. 즉, 현실주의적인 체코 및 헝가리의 입장과 EU가입을 절망에서 벗어나는 최후의 수단으로 여기는 발칸의 입장, 그리고 그 중간의 폴란드 입장이 존재한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show the correlation and dynamism between two big process which overwhelmed Central and Eastern Europe(CEE) since 1989: system change and European integration. The era of system change/Europeanization in this area can be divided into 3 stages : (1) rupture with old system, (2) consolidation of system change, (3) access to Europe. From the analysis of these 3 stages we can draw some conclusions on the subject of this paper. First, in many of CEE states, integration to EU was considered the last step of ongoing process of system change. Second, the relationship of Eastern European candidate states with EU as well as their perspective of EU access have varied according to system change types ('Central European model' and 'Balkan model'). Third, European integration functioned as stimulus and dynamism of change inside CEE states, and as EU access became reality, their political, economic system tended to converge. Fourth, in spite of the convergence tendency, there was still diversity in system change track among CEE states which explains diverse positions toward European integration. There exists three types of positions: the realistic position of Czech Republic; Balkan's position which considers European integration the last resort of escape from the uncertain changing process; Poland's position in the middle of the two extremes.
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