서울 핵안보정상회의 성공을 위한 의제 설정: ‘3S'와 북핵문제를 중심으로
Agenda for the Success of Seoul Nuclear Summit with Emphasis on '3S' and North Korea's Nuclear Problem
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“핵안보”(nuclear security)란 민감한 핵물질이 불법 유출되어 핵테러에 사용되는 것을 막기 위한 활동을 말한다. 핵무기를 개발한 북한이 핵확산에도 가담하고 있기 때문에 2012년 서울 핵안보정상회의는 북핵문제 해결 차원에서도 의미가 있다. 다만 수십 개 나라의 정상과 대표들이 참가하는 건국 이후 최대 국제회의에서 북핵문제를 시원스럽게 해결하고 싶은 것이 인지상정이지만 이 회의는 북핵문제 해결의 장은 아니다. 본 연구는 핵안보를 둘러싼 개념상의 혼란과 정책적 혼선을 바로잡고, 2차 핵안보정상회의에서 다뤄야 할 북핵문제의 논의 범위와 수준을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 핵안보정상회의의 출범 배경을 살펴보고 핵테러에 대한 위협인식이 주요동기라는 점을 밝혔다. 둘째, 핵비확산체제의 틀 속에서 핵안보의 위상을 파악하고, ‘3S' 즉 “안보”(security), “안전”(safety), 및 “보장조치”(safeguards)의 관계를 규명했다. 셋째, 핵안보와 북핵문제의 관계를 설정하고, 비핵국인 한국이 주최하는 회의에서 북핵폐기가 주된 의제가 될 수 없다는 점을 밝혔다. 넷째, 이상의 연구를 토대로 서울 핵안보정상회의에서 한국이 추진해야 할 전략과 대책을 제시했다.
Abstract
Nuclear security is a set of actions to prevent sensitive nuclear materials from being used for nuclear terror. Since North Korea developed nuclear weapons and committed proliferation, Seoul Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) in 2012 has certain meaning in terms of resolving North Korea's nuclear problem. However, the NSS is not an appropriate venue for resolving the problem. This paper attempts to remove conceptual misunderstanding on nuclear security and to present the scope and level on how the North Korea's nuclear crisis must be dealt with. First, it describes the background of the NSS, concluding that threat perception to the nuclear terror is the major motivation. Second, it establishes a proper status of nuclear security under the nuclear nonproliferation regime, and defines the relationship between the ‘3S': security, safety and safeguards. Third, the paper explains why the North Koera's nuclear problem cannot be a major agendum for Seoul NSS. Finally, it presents strategies and policy options for South Korea to take in order to make Seoul NSS a success.
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