학교폭력 피해에 미치는 영향요인 분석: 기회이론을 중심으로
A study on the antecedents influencing school-based criminal victimization: Focusing on opportunity theory
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참고문헌
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초록
학교폭력 피해는 주요한 사회적 문제이며, 학교폭력 피해자와 가족들에게 심리적·행동적·사회적으로 부정적 결과를 초래한다. 이러한 점에서 학교폭력 피해에 영향을 미치는 선행요인들을 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 본 연구는 기회이론이 제시한 노출 및 근접성, 보호/감시, 매력성 개념에 기초하여 학교폭력 피해를 설명하고자 하였다. 연구분석을 위하여 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년 총 10,338명을 대상으로 한국형사정책연구원에서 실시한 ‘2017 아동·청소년 범죄피해조사’ 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석결과, 노출 및 근접성과 관련된 학교 내 일진 존재 여부는 학교폭력 피해를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 보호/감시 요인과 관련하여 친구거부는 학교폭력 피해 가능성을 증가시 키는 반면, 학교의 범죄예방노력은 학교폭력 피해를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 매력성 요인과 관련하여 낮은 자기통제력과 신체적 취약성은 모두 학교폭력 피해의 증가와 밀접한 관련성이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로, 이러한 연구결과가 갖는 함의와 후속연구에 대한 제언 등에 대해 논하였다.
Abstract
Bullying victimization in school is a major social problem, which can beget a wide array of psychological, behavioral, personal, and social consequences to the victimized, as well as those who surround them. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the antecedents of school-based criminal victimization. As suggested by the opportunity theory, the current study attempted to explain school bullying victimization based on the concepts of exposure and proximity, guardianship, and target attractiveness. This study applied logistic regression to the sample of 10,338 adolescents from the Korean Crime Victim Survey (Ⅷ): Juvenile Victimization in 2017 conducted by the Korean Institute of Criminology and Justice. Regarding the measures of exposure and proximity, the results indicated that the presence of gangs in school increased the risk of school bullying victimization. With regard to guardianship, peer rejection was significantly related to the increased level of school-based victimization, while the school`s effort to prevent crime was associated with the reduced level of school bullying victimization. In relation to target attractiveness, low self-control and physical vulnerability were related to the increase in the risk of bullying victimization. The implications of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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