美國의 補助金 및 相計關稅法과 對韓 相計關稅 規制 措置에 대한 分析

Abstract

One of the WTO establishment goals is to promote free trade in the world, but a lot of countries have taken measures to protect their own industries. Of these measures, the most prevailing ones are anti-dumping and countervailing duties. These measures are given to in order to regulate unfair trade. However, recently those measures have been abused to protect their industries. In this trend, import restrictive measures emerge as a trade issue. Steel has been in the difficulties over past decades because of overcapacity and continuous decrease of price. Most countries have protected their steel industry from imported steel by taking the anti-dumping and countervailing measures or granting subsidies. In this sense, this article examines the U.S. countervailing measures against Korean steel products because the U.S. is the country, which most often takes countervailing measures against Korea in the world. This article reviews the past practice of the U.S restrictive actions from the early 1990s and the changes of the U.S. determinations on countervailing duties cases against Korean steel products. Therefore, this article reviews development of subsidies and countervailing system and the U.S. Law on subsidies and countervailing duties on the basis of the WTO agreement. In this study, we learn the procedure and the effect of the U.S. countervailing measure. Then, this article analyzes the U.S. countervailing measures cases against Korean steel products. Analyzing the U.S. cases against Korea, we take lessons that the U.S. takes import restrictive measures to protect the U.S. steel industry under the political pressure. As well, this article presents the evaluation of the past practice of countervailing measures and prospect of this measure.