운송물류 부문 발생의 탄소배출권 거래제도에 관한 비교 연구

Abstract

Transport logistics sector has long been developed with the growth of global economy. Transport sector CO2 emissions represent 23% globally of overall CO2 emissions from Fossil fuel combustion. The sector accounts for approximately 15% of overall greenhouse gas emissions. The Global CO2 emissions from transport have grown by 45% from 1990 to 2007, led by emissions from the road sector in terms of volume and by shipping and aviation in terms of highest growth rates. To reduce and control the excessive emissions in transport sector, developed countries are using the Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms, expecially Emissions Trading(ET). Currently the ET includes road transport sector in the Annex-I countries of the Kyoto Protocol. The EU, which ranked 3rd on global CO2 emissions in 2009, has EU-ETS on road transport sector and plans to extend it from 2011 to include the aviation. The US, which ranked 2nd, operates the regional greenhouse gas initiative, yet it doesn't include transport sector. Several regulations on vehicle emissions in the US, mostly regard to alternative fuel vehicles and electricity based vehicles. In Japan, which ranked 6th, four trading schemes are running, and the JVETS and the Domestic Credit Schemes dealing with road transport sector. The allowances traded in the EU and Japan are based on the cap and trade systems, however, the EU forces the rules and Japan takes voluntary participation. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to reviews on emissions trading schemes and the regulations regarding transport logistics sector especially in the EU, the US, and Japan, and to describe some implications. To meet this purpose, this paper provides an overview of the current international legal framework and the relevant mechanisms to keep emissions from transport logistics sector. This paper not only analyzes each countries individual ETS and regulations for the reduction, but it also presents some implications on the reduction of transport logistics sector to the Republic of Korea, which has the possibility to become the one of Annex-I countries after 2013.