생성적 사유 관점의 현대 추모 공간 특성 연구
A Study on the Characteristics of Modern Memorial Space in ‘Denevir’ Thought Perspectives
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(연구배경 및 목적) 추모공간은 남겨진 자들과 떠난 자들의 연결 공간이며 상실에 대한 위로, 기억, 치유 등 사회 심리적 기능을 하는 공공공간이다. 화장, 봉안 문화로의 전환이 이루어지면서 장사시설의 수요 증가 뿐 아니라 전쟁, 테러, 자연재해 등 비극적 재난이 발생하는 현대사회에서 다양한 형태의 추모공간의 수요는 증가할 것으로 보인다. 현대 메모리얼, 기념관 등 추모공간의 형태는 인색한 사회인식을 극복하기 위해 소외되고 부정적인 이미지를 상쇄시켜 일상적 공간으로서 녹아들기 위해 변화하고 있다. 본 연구는 현대 건축과 도시론의 철학적 뿌리인 생성적 사유의 관점으로 현대 추모 공간이 다른 공간과 유기적 관계를 맺고 의미를 창출하기 위해 요구되는 생성적 특성을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. (연구방법) 광범위하게 사용되는 추모공간이라는 단어의 개념을 살펴보고, 추모공간의 종류와 개념, 그리고 변화 양상에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로 패러다임의 전환을 맞은 추모공간의 표현특성을 제시하였다. 이후 생성적 사유에 대한 이론적 고찰과 선행연구 검토를 통해 생성적 공간에 대한 특성을 범주화하여 추모공간에 적용하였다. 이를 통해 도출된 추모공간의 생성적 특성과 표현방식의 관계성을 파악할 수 있는 분석틀을 제안하였다. 긍정적 평가를 받은 사례들의 분석을 통해 현대의 추모공간 표현에서 드러나는 생성적 특성을 증명해 결론에 도달하였다. (결과) 사례를 분석한 결과, 현대 추모공간의 비환원적 형태는 구조적 동선과 물성의 표현을 통한 비표상적 은유와 경험자와의 수평적 공간 구조를 통해 주로 나타난다. 유기적 경계는 중성적 공간인 유동적 경계영역과 대지 맥락과 시퀀스를 연계한 장소적 확장성을 통해 드러난다. 공간의 비예측적 작동은 표현요소가 혼합되어 다중감각적 경험을 유도함으로써 실현되며, 공간의 창발성은 주로 공간 구조의 흐름과 프로그램의 구성과 관계성을 보였다. (결론) 추모공간의 수요가 늘어날 것에 따라 현대의 추모공간이 내포하는 정신적, 장소적 가치의 중요성이 높아지고 있으며, 새로운 의미 생성을 위해 다양한 시도를 하고 있다. 본 연구에서 분석한 현대 추모공간에서 요구되는 생성적 특성에 대한 이해를 통해 미래의 추모공간 디자인의 방향성 정립에 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) The memorial space is a connection space between those who are left behind and those who are gone and is a public space that performs social and psychological functions, such as consolation, memory, and healing for loss. With the transition to cremation and enshrinement culture, the demand for various types of memorial spaces is expected to increase to meet the demand for funeral facilities in modern society, where tragic disasters, such as war, terrorism, and natural disasters, occur. The form of remembrance spaces, such as modern memorials and memorial halls, is changing to overcome strict social awareness by offsetting excluded and negative images and incorporating them into everyday spaces. The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics required for modern memorial spaces to establish organic relationships with other spaces and create meaning from the perspective of devenir thoughts, the philosophical root of modern architecture, and urban theory. (Method) This study reviewed the concept of the widely used world memorial space and analyzed its type, concept, and change pattern. Based on this, the study presented the expression characteristics of the memorial space in the face of a paradigm shift. Through theoretical consideration and review of previous studies on devenir thoughts, the characteristics of the becoming space were categorized and applied to the memorial space. An analysis frame was proposed to prove the relationship between the becoming characteristics of the memorial space and the expression method. Through the analysis of positively evaluated cases, the becoming characteristics revealed in the expression and modern memorial spaces were proved. (Results) As a result of the analysis, the non-returning form of the modern memorial space primarily appears through non-representative metaphors through the expression of structural movements and horizontal structures with people. The organic boundary is revealed through the fluid boundary, which is a neutral space, and the locational scalability that links the ground context and sequence. The non-predictive operation is realized by inducing a multisensory experience by mixing expression elements. The creation of space was mainly related to the flow of the spatial structure and the program’s composition. (Conclusions) As the demand for memorial spaces increases, the importance of the spiritual and place value implied by modern memorial spaces is increasing. Various attempts are being made to create new meanings. It is expected that it can be used to establish the direction of future memorial space design by understanding the characteristics required by the modern memorial space analyzed in this study.
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